Abstract
This study demonstrates the estimation of actual evapotranspiration and pan evaporation based on the satellite images. LISS III and Landsat images are used in this study. LISS III and Landsat images are available in different bands. All bands are composited and mosaicked to form single image of the study area. Composited image is classified into five different classes namely Forestland, Agricultural Land, Fallow Land, Water Bodies and Built-up Area. Separate methodology for the estimation of actual evapotranspiration and pan evaporation has been proposed. To determine actual evapotranspiration, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map is generated using ARCGIS. For the different years, average NDVI values and corresponding Kc values are obtained. Reference evapotranspiration (Eto) is obtained by Penman–Monteith model. Actual evapotranspiration is obtained by multiplying reference evapotranspiration to a crop coefficient (Kc). RMSE and NRMSE between observed and predicted evapotranspiration are found to be 0.27 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. To determine pan evaporation, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) map is generated using ARCGIS. Total 24 Landsat satellite images are used to obtain NDWI values on the Water Bodies. NDWI is correlated with the relative humidity-dependent Pan coefficient. Correlation coefficient between pan coefficient and NDWI was found to be 0.92. A new model is proposed relating to modified pan coefficient (Kwp) and NDWI. Pan evaporation is obtained by dividing Eto by NDWI-dependent modified pan coefficient (Kwp). Coefficient of correlation and RMSE between observed and predicted pan evaporation is found to be 0.70 and 0.5 mm, respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen, R.G.: Using the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method over an irrigated region as part of an evapotranspiration intercomparison study. J Hydrol. 229(1), 27–41 (2000)
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Smith, M., Raes, D, Wright J.LL.: FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method for estimating evaporation from soil and application extensions. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 131(1), 2–13 (2005)
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S, Raes, D, and Smith, M.: ETc-single crop coefficient (kc). Crop evapotranspiration (guidelines for computing crop water requirements). FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, pp. 103–134. FAO, Rome (1998)
Ceccato, P.N., Jaya, I.N.S., Qian J., Tippett, M.K., Robertson, A.W., Someshwar, S.: Early warning and response to fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia (2002)
Eagleman, J.R.: Pan evaporation, potential and actual evapotranspiration. J. Appl. Meteorol. 6(3), 482–488 (1997)
Gao, B.C.: NDWI—A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space. Remote Sens. Environ. 58(3), 257–266 (1996)
Gu, Y., Brown, JF., Verdin, JP., Wardlow, B.: A five‐year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central great plains of the United States. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(6) (2007)
Hunsaker, D.J., Pinter Jr, P.J., Barnes E.M., Kimball, B.A.: Estimating cotton evapotranspiration crop coefficients with a multispectral vegetation index. Irrig. Sci. 22(2): 95–104 (2003)
Justice, C.O., Townshend, J.R.G.: Special issue on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS): A new generation of land surface monitoring. Remote Sens. Environ. 83, 1–2 (2002)
Kamble, B., Irmak, A.: Assimilating remote sensing-based ET into SWAP model for improved estimation of hydrological predictions. In: Proceeding of the 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, vol. 3, Boston, MA, USA, 7–11 July 2008 doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779530
Kamble, B., Kilic, A., Hubbard, K.: Estimating crop coefficients using remote sensing-based vegetation index. Remote Sens. 5(4): 1588–1602 (2013)
Pereira, L.S., Perrier, A., Allen, R.G., Alves, I.: Evapotranspiration: Review of Concepts and Future Trends. ASCE, J. Irrig. Drain. Engrg. 25 (1996)
Rafn, E.B., Contor, B., Ames, D.P.: Evaluation of a method for estimating irrigated crop-evapotranspiration coefficients from remotely sensed data in Idaho. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 134(6), 722–729 (2008)
Rafn, E., Contor, B., Ames, D.: Evaluation of a method for estimating irrigated crop-evapotranspiration coefficients from remotely sensed data in Idaho. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 134(6): 722–729 (2008). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437
Snyder, R.L.: Equation for evaporation pan to evapotranspiration conversions. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 118(6), 977–980 (1992)
Trezza, R.: Evapotranspiration using a satellite-based surface energy balance with standardized ground control. Ph.D. dissertation, Uta State University, Logan, Utah, USA (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rathod, P., Manekar, V.L. (2017). Estimation of Pan Evaporation and Actual Evapotranspiration Using GIS and Remote Sensing. In: Garg, V., Singh, V., Raj, V. (eds) Development of Water Resources in India. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 75. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55125-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55125-8_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55124-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55125-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)