Abstract
Conventional building processes, which still dominate the industry, take too long, cost too much, and often disregard their social and environmental impacts. Over the past 50 years, while most industries have doubled or tripled productivity, the commercial building sector has experienced negative productivity growth. In order to mitigate these practice outcomes, the industry must transform from a transactional to a relational team structure that is people-centered. An integrated project model that is grounded in relational contracting, climate, and context can significantly improve building project outcomes that benefit the three Ps of engaged sustainability – people, planet, and profit. The relational project environment is built on a foundation of shared vision, values, and the basis for a common vernacular that guides human activity and generates human bonds. This chapter defines the three relational states and translates them into actionable steps with which to positively affect a building project team structure. The integrated project delivery framework lays the groundwork for a building project success model. However, the key to its realization is the level of flexible cohesion exhibited by the project team members. The collective levels of flexible cohesion determine the team’s ability to create and maintain a relational project environment without which project success would be greatly diminished. The individuals’ flexible cohesion potential is driven by their attitudinal and behavioral characteristics. In other words, processes alone do not deliver projects; it requires a team of engaged people.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
ACH Tower Team. (2014). L: Building a lean hospital facility. Signature Book Printing. www.sbpbooks.com.
Baccarini, D. (1996). The concept of project complexity – A review. International Journal of Project Management, 14(4), 201–204.
Ball, P. (2012). Why society is a complex matter: Meeting twenty-first century challenges with a new kind of science. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Beal, D. J., Cohen, R. R., Burke, M. J., & McLendon, C. L. (2003). Cohesion and performance in groups: A meta-analytic clarification of construct relations. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(6), 989–1004. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.989.
Burke, C. S., Stagl, K. C., Salas, E., Pierce, L., & Kendall, D. (2006). Understanding team adaptation: A conceptual analysis and model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1189–1207. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1189.
Carron, A., & Brawley, L. (2000). Cohesion: Conceptual and measurement issues. Small Group Research, 31, 89–106.
Construction, M. (2013). World green building trends: Business benefits driving new and retrofit market opportunities in over 60 countries. Bedford: McGraw Hill Construction. Smart Market Report.
Crawford, E., LePine, J., & Rich, B. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31, 874–900.
Fiske, A. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99(4), 689.
Franz, B., Leicht, R., Molenaar, K., & Messner, J. (2016). Impact of team integration and group cohesion on project delivery performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 4016088–6(6), 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001219.
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Berkley: University of California Press.
Grönroos, C. (1997). Value-driven relational marketing: From products to resources and competencies. Journal of Marketing Management, 13, 407–419.
Gunderson, L. (2001). Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Hampson, R. B., Hulgus, Y. F., & Beavers, W. R. (1991). Comparisons of self-report measures of the beavers systems model and Olson’s circumplex model. Journal of Family Psychology, 4(3), 326–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.4.3.326.
Holling, C. (2001). Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 4, 390–405.
Janssen, O. (2005). The joint impact of perceived influence and supervisor supportiveness on employee innovative behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational, 76, 347–364.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction – Job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376.
Kadushin, C. (2012). Understanding social networks: Theories, concepts, and findings (Kindle ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. (2012). Work groups and teams in organizations. In I. B. Weiner, N. W. Schmitt, & S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, John Wiley (Vol. 2, Illustr ed., pp. 412–469), Wiley.
Levitt, R. (2007). CEM research for the next 50 years: Maximizing economic, environmental, and societal value of the built environment. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133, 619–628.
Lewicki, R., Tomlinson, E., & Gillespie, N. (2006). Models of interpersonal trust development: Theoretical approaches, empirical evidence, and future directions. Journal of Management, 32, 991–1022.
Lord, R. G., & Hall, R. J. (1992). Contemporary views of leadership and individual differences. The Leadership Quarterly, 3(2), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843 (92)90030-J.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4(3), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80058-7.
Milgrom, P., & Roberts, J. (1992). Economics, organization and management. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Mitchell, M. (2009). Complexity: A guided tour. Oxford University Press. https://info.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/IPD_Guide_2007.pdf
Mossholder, K., & Richardson, H. (2011). Human resource systems and helping in organizations: A relational perspective. Academy of Management, 36(1), 33.
Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 144–167.
Olson, B. V. (2016). Experiential workplace design for knowledge work organizations: Worker-centered approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland.
Paolillo, W., Olson, B., & Straub, E. (2016). People centered innovation: Enabling lean integrated project delivery and disrupting the construction industry for a more sustainable future. Journal of Construction Engineering.
Perlow, L., Gittell, J., & Katz, N. (2004). Contextualizing patterns of work group interaction: Toward a nested theory of structuration. Organization Science, 15, 520–536.
Pescosolido, A. T., & Saavedra, R. (2012). Cohesion and sports teams: A review. Small Group Research, 43(6), 744–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496412465020.
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., & Paine, J. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513–563.
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., & Organ, D. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences.
Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5, 52–61.
Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Rousseau, D. (2004). Psychological contracts in the workplace: Understanding the ties that motivate. The Academy of Management Executive, 18, 120–127.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.
Salas, E., & Fiore, S. M. (2004). Why team cognition? An overview. In E. Salas & S. M. Fiore (Eds.), Team cognition: Understanding the factors that drive process and performance (1st ed., pp. 3–10). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (APA).
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Schein, E. H. (1996). Culture: The missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2), 229–240.
Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. New York: Crown Business
Settoon, R., & Mossholder, K. (2002). Relationship quality and relationship context as antecedents of person-and task-focused interpersonal citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 255–267.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A newlook at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518–528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518.
Steffen, W., Crutzen, P., & McNeill, J. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human, 36, 614–621.
Straub, E. R. (2015). Flexible cohesion: A mixed methods study of engagement and satisfaction in defense acquisitions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland.
Watson, K., Evans, J., Karvonen, A., & Whitley, T. (2016). Capturing the social value of buildings: The promise of social return on investment (SROI). Building and Environment, 103, 289–301.
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2008). Organizing for high reliability: Processes of collective mindfulness. In A. Boin (Ed.), Crisis management (Vol. III, pp. 31–66). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Wolin, S. J., & Bennett, L. A. (1984). Family rituals. Family Process, 23(3), 401–420.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Olson, B.V., Straub, E.R., Paolillo, W., Becks, P.A. (2018). Relational Teams Turning the Cost of Waste Into Sustainable Benefits. In: Marques, J. (eds) Handbook of Engaged Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53121-2_8-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53121-2_8-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53121-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53121-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Relational Teams Turning the Cost of Waste Into Sustainable Benefits- Published:
- 10 January 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53121-2_8-2
-
Original
Relational Building Teams- Published:
- 25 October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53121-2_8-1