Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

Part of the book series: Advances in Polar Ecology ((AVPE,volume 2))

Abstract

This book summarizes physical and biological aspects from Kongsfjorden (78° 59’ N, 11–12° E), Svalbard. The contributions to this volume cover atmospheric conditions above Ny-Ålesund, as well as physical conditions in Kongsfjorden. The chapters about oceanographic dynamics and sea ice conditions are based on time-series observations of interannual variability, whereas the chapter about the underwater light regime focuses on seasonal dynamics. The pelagic system is covered by reviews of pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. Benthic flora studies address microphytobenthos and macroalgal biodiversity, as well as the physiology of kelp related to stress perception and responses. Benthic fauna communities are described with associated environmental drivers of change. An outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden- Krossfjorden is presented. Data that go into models come from sampling at different stations in the marine environment, with an important contribution from long-term data series at stations. Some of the long-term data are based on recordings from autonomous underwater observatories. Finally, one summary presents Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bartsch I, Paar M, Fredriksen S, Schwanitz M, Daniel C, Hop H, Wiencke C (2016) Changes in kelp forest biomass and depth distribution in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, between 1996–1998 and 2012–2014 reflect Arctic warming. Polar Biol 39:2021–2036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berge J, Cottier F, Last KS, Varpe Ø, Leu E, Søreide J, Eiane K, Falk-Petersen S, Willis K, Nygård H, Vogedes D, Griffiths C, Johnsen G, Lorenzen D, Brierley AS (2009) Diel vertical migration of Arctic zooplankton during the polar night. Biol Lett 5:69–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berge J, Cottier F, Varpe Ø, Renaud PE, Falk-Petersen S, Kwasniewski S, Griffiths C, Søreide JE, Aubert A, Bjærke O, Hovinen J, Jung-Madsen S, Tveit M, Majaneva S (2014) Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton. J Plankton Res 36:1279–1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berge J, Daase M, Renaud PE, Ambrose WG Jr, Darnis G, Last KS, Leu E, Cohen JH, Johnsen G, Moline MA, Cottier F, Varpe Ø, Shunatova N, Balazy P, Morata N, Massabuau J-C, Falk-Petersen S, Kosobokova K, Hoppe CJM, Weslawski JM, Kuklinski P, Legezynska J, Nikishina D, Cusa M, Kedra M, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Vogedes D, Camus L, Tran D, Michaud E, Gabrielsen TM, Granovitch A, Gonchar A, Krapp R, Callesen TA (2015a) Unexpected levels of biological activity during the polar night offer new perspectives on a warming Arctic. Curr Biol 25:2555–2561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berge J, Renaud PE, Darnis G, Cottier F, Last K, Gabrielsen TM, Johnsen G, Seuthe L, Søreide JE, Varpe Ø, Lønne OJ, Daase M, Falk-Petersen S (2015b) In the dark: a review of ecosystem processes during the Arctic polar night. Prog Oceanogr 139:258–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beuchel F, Gulliksen B, Carroll ML (2006) Long-term patterns of rocky bottom macrobenthic community structure in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) in relation to climate variability (1980–2003). J Mar Syst 63:35–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof K, Buschbaum C, Fredriksen S, Gordillo FJL, Heinrich S, Jiménez C, Lütz C, Molis M, Roleda MY, Schwanitz M, Wiencke C (this volume-a) Chapter 10: Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden: stress perception and responses. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischof K, Convey P, Duarte P, Gattuso J-P, Granberg M, Hop H, Hoppe C, Jiménez C, Lisitsyn L, Martinez B, Roleda MY, Thor P, Wiktor JM, Gabrielsen GW (this volume-b) Chapter 14: Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic: knowns, unknowns and research priorities. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaszczyk M, Jania JA, Hagen JO (2009) Tidewater glaciers of Svalbard: recent changes and estimates of calving fluxes. Pol Polar Res 30:85–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz F, Buchholz C, Weslawski JM (2010) Ten years after: krill as indicator of changes in the macro-zooplankton communities of two Arctic fjords. Polar Biol 33:101–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calleja ML, Kerherve P, Bourgeois S, Kedra M, Leynaert A, Devred E, Babin M, Morata N (2017) Effects of increased glacier discharge on phytoplankton bloom dynamics and pelagic geochemistry in a high Arctic fjord. Prog Oceanogr 159:195–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cappelletti D, Azzolini R, Langone L, Ventura S, Viola A, Aliani S, Vitale V, Brugnoli E (2016) Environmental changes in the Arctic: an Italian perspective. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 27(Suppl 1):S1–S6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-016-0555-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottier F, Tverberg V, Inall M, Svendsen H, Nilsen F, Griffiths C (2005) Water mass modification in an Arctic fjord through cross-shelf exchange: the seasonal hydrography of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. J Geophys Res 110:C12005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottier FR, Nilsen F, Inall ME, Gerland S, Tverberg V, Svendsen H (2007) Wintertime warming of an Arctic shelf in response to large-scale atmospheric circulation. Geophys Res Lett 34:L10607. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Angelo A, Giglio F, Miserocchi S, Sanchez-Vidal A, Aliani S, Tesi T, Viola A, Mazzola M, Langone L (2018) Multi-year particle fluxes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Biogeosciences 15:5343–5363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalpadado P, Hop H, Rønning J, Pavlov V, Sperfeld E, Buchholz F, Rey WA (2016) Distribution and abundance of euphausiids and pelagic amphipods in Kongsfjorden, Isfjorden and Rijpfjorden (Svalbard) and changes in their relative importance as key prey in a warming marine ecosystem. Polar Biol 39:1765–1784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte P, Weslawski JM, Hop H (this volume) Chapter 12: Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk-Petersen S, Mayzaud P, Kattner G, Sargent JR (2009) Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus. Mar Biol Res 5:18–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fransson A, Chierici M, Hop H, Findlay HS, Kristiansen S, Wold A (2016) Late winter-to-summer change in ocean acidification state in Kongsfjorden, with implications for calcifying organisms. Polar Biol 39:1841–1857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredriksen S, Karsten U, Bartsch I, Woelfel J, Koblowsky M, Schumann R, Moi SR, Steneck RS, Wiktor J, Hop H, Wiencke C (this volume-a) Chapter 9: Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Geoffroy M, Berge J, Majaneva S, Johnsen G, Langbehn TJ, Cottier F, Mogstad AA, Zolich A, Last K (2018) Increased occurrence of the jellyfish Periphylla periphylla in the European Arctic. Polar Biol 41:2615–2619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gluchowska M, Kwasniewski S, Prominska A, Olszewska A, Goszczko I, Falk-Petersen S, Hop H, Weslawski JM (2016) Zooplankton in Svalbard fjords on the Atlantic–Arctic boundary. Polar Biol 39:1785–1802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granberg ME, Ask A, Gabrielsen GW (2017) Local contamination on Svalbard – Overview and suggestions for remediation actions. Norwegian Polar Institute, Kortrapport 044 Tromsø, Norway, 65 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Grenvald JC, Callesen TA, Daase M, Hobbs L, Darnis G, Renaud PE, Cottier F, Nielsen TG, Berge J (2016) Plankton community composition and vertical migration during polar night in Kongsfjorden. Polar Biol 39:1879–1895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stouffer DB, Bascompte J (2011) Compartmentalization increases food-web persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3648–3652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanelt D, Tüg H, Bischof K, Gross C, Lippert H, Sawall T, Wiencke C (2001) Light regime in an Arctic fjord: a study related to stratospheric ozone depletion as a basis for determination of UV effects on algal growth. Mar Biol 138:649–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegseth EN, Tverberg V (2013) Effect of Atlantic water inflow on timing of the phytoplankton spring bloom in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). J Mar Syst 113–114:94–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hegseth EN, Assmy P, Wiktor JM, Wiktor J Jr, Kristiansen S, Leu E, Tverberg V, Gabrielsen TM, Skogseth R, Cottier F (this volume-a) Chapter 6: Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Pearson T, Hegseth EN, Kovacs KM, Wiencke C, Kwasniewski S, Eiane K, Mehlum F, Gulliksen B, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Lydersen C, Weslawski JM, Cochrane S, Gabrielsen GW, Leakey RJG, Lønne OJ, Zajaczkowski M, Falk-Petersen S, Kendall M, Wängberg S-Å, Bischof K, Voronkov AY, Kovaltchouk NA, Wiktor J, Poltermann M, di Prisco G, Papucci C, Gerland S (2002) The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Res 21:167–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Falk-Petersen S, Svendsen H, Kwasniewski S, Pavlov V, Pavlova O, Søreide JE (2006) Physical and biological characteristics of the pelagic system across Fram Strait to Kongsfjorden. Prog Oceanogr 71:182–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Kovaltchouk NA, Wiencke C (2016) Distribution of macroalgae in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Biol 39:2037–2051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Cottier F, Berge J (this volume-a) Chapter 13: Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Hop H, Wold A, Vihtakari M, Daase M, Kwasniewski S, Gluchowska M, Lischka S, Buchholz F, Falk-Petersen S (this volume-b) Chapter 7: Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996–2016) in relation to climate change. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Karsten U, Schaub I, Woelfel J, Sevilgen DS, Schlie C, Becker B, Wulff A, Graeve M, Wagner H (this volume-a) Chapter 8: Living on cold substrata: new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedra M, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Weslawski JM (2010) Decadal change in macrobenthic soft-bottom community structure in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Polar Biol 33:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kedra M, Legezynska J, Walkusz W (2011) Shallow winter and summer macrofauna in a high Arctic fjord (79° N, Spitsbergen). Mar Biodiv 41:425–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler J, James TD, Murray T, Nuth C, Brandt O, Barrand NE, Aas HF, Luckman A (2007) Acceleration in thinning rate on western Svalbard glaciers. Geophys Res Lett 34:L18502. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwasniewski S, Hop H, Falk-Petersen S, Pedersen G (2003) Distribution of Calanus species in Kongsfjorden, a glacial fjord in Svalbard. J Plankton Res 25:1–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lydersen C, Assmy P, Falk-Petersen S, Kohler J, Kovacs KM, Reigstad M, Steen H, Strøm H, Sundfjord A, Varpe Ø, Walczowski W, Weslawski JM, Zajaczkowski M (2014) The importance of tidewater glaciers for marine mammals and seabirds in Svalbard, Norway. J Mar Syst 129:452–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maturilli M, Hanssen-Bauer I, Neuber R, Rex M, Edvardsen K (this volume-a) Chapter 2: The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund: climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Molis M, Beuchel F, Laudien J, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Buschbaum C (this volume-a) Chapter 11: Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Ormanczyk MR, Gluchowska M, Oszewska A, Kwasniewski S (2017) Zooplankton structure in high latitude fjords with contrasting oceanography (Hornsund and Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen). Oceanologia 59:508–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paar M, Voronkov A, Hop H, Brey T, Bartsch I, Schwanitz M, Wiencke C, Lebreton B, Asmus R, Asmus H (2016) Temporal shift in biomass and production of macrozoobenthos in the macroalgal belt at Hansneset, Kongsfjorden, after 15 years. Polar Biol 39:2065–2076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov A, Leu E, Hanelt D, Bartsch I, Karsten U, Hudson SR, Gallet J-C, Cottier F, Cohen JH, Berge J, Johnsen G, Maturilli M, Kowalczuk P, Sagan S, Meler J, Granskog MA (this volume-a) Chapter 5: Underwater light regime in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlova O, Gerland S, Hop H (this volume-a) Chapter 4: Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003–2016). In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Pithan F, Mauritsen T (2014) Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models. Nat Geosci 7:181–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piwosz K, Walkusz W, Hapter R, Wieczorek P, Hop H, Wiktor J (2009) Comparison of productivity and phytoplankton in a warm (Kongsfjorden) and a cold (Hornsund) Spitsbergen fjord in mid-summer 2002. Polar Biol 32:549–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pörtner H-O (2014) How and how not to investigate the oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance (OCLTT) and aerobic scope – remarks on the article by Gräns et al. J Exp Biol 2017:4432–4435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell BD, Harley CDG, Wernberg T, Mieszkowska N, Widdicombe S, Hall-Spencer JM, Connell SD (2012) Predicting ecosystem shifts requires new approaches that integrate the effects of climate change across entire systems. Biol Lett 8:164–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rysgaard S, Nielsen TG (2006) Carbon cycling in a high-arctic marine ecosystem – Young Sound, NE Greenland. Prog Oceanogr 71:426–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slagstad D, Ellingsen IH, Wassmann P (2011) Evaluating primary and secondary production in an Arctic Ocean void of summer sea ice: an experimental simulation approach. Prog Oceanogr 90:117–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slagstad D, Wassmann P, Ellingsen IH (2015) Physical constraints and productivity in the future Arctic Ocean. Front Mar Sci 2:85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltwedel T, Bauerfeind E, Bergmann M, Bracher A, Budaeva N, Busch K, Cherkasheva A, Fahl K, Grzelak K, Hasemann C, Jacob M, Kraft A, Lalande C, Metfies K, Nöthig E-M, Meyer K, Quéric N-V, Schewe I, Włodarska-Kowalczuk M, Klages M (2016) Natural variability or anthropogenically-induced variation? Insights from 15 years of multidisciplinary observations at the Arctic marine LTER site HAUSGARTEN. Ecol Indic 65:89–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen H, Beszczynska-Möller A, Hagen JO, Lefauconnier B, Tverberg V, Gerland S, Ørbæk JB, Bischof K, Papucci C, Zajaczkowski M, Azzolini R, Bruland O, Wiencke C, Winther J-G, Dallmann W (2002) The physical environment of Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, an Arctic fjord system in Svalbard. Polar Res 21:133–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Tverberg V, Skogseth R, Cottier F, Sundfjord A, Walczowski W, Inall ME, Falck E, Pavlova O, Nilsen F (this volume-a) Chapter 3: The Kongsfjorden transect: seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography. In: Hop H, Wiencke C (eds) The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Advances in polar ecology 2. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Vihtakari M, Welcker J, Moe B, Chastel O, Tartu S, Hop H, Bech C, Descamps S, Gabrielsen GW (2018) Black-legged kittiwakes as messengers of Atlantification in the Arctic. Sci Rep 8:1178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19118-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Voronkov A, Hop H, Gulliksen B (2013) Diversity of hard-bottom fauna relative to environmental gradients in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Res 32(1):11208. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walczowski W, Piechura J, Goszczko I, Wieczorek P (2012) Changes in Atlantic water properties: an important factor in the European Arctic marine climate. ICES J Mar Sci 69:864–869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walkusz W, Kwasniewski S, Falk-Petersen S, Hop H, Tverberg V, Wieczorek P, Weslawski JM (2009) Seasonal and spatial changes in zooplankton composition in the glacially influenced Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Res 28:254–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wassmann P, Kosobokova KN, Slagstad D, Drinkwater KF, Hopcroft RR, Moore SE, Ellingsen I, Nelson RJ, Carmack E, Popova E, Berge J (2015) The contiguous domains of Arctic Ocean advection: trails of life and death. Prog Oceanogr 139:42–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weslawski JM (2017) The GAME project. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2017.07.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiencke C (ed) (2004) The coastal ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Synopsis of biological research performed at the Koldewey-Station in the years 1991–2003. Ber Polarforsch Meeresforsch 492:1–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiencke C, Hop H (2016) Ecosystem Kongsfjorden: new views after more than a decade of research. Polar Biol 39:1679–1687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willis KJ, Cottier FR, Kwasniewski S, Wold A, Falk-Petersen S (2006) The influence of advection on zooplankton community composition in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). J Mar Syst 61:39–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willis KJ, Cottier FR, Kwasniewski S (2008) Impact of warm water advection on the winter zooplankton community in an Arctic fjord. Polar Biol 31:475–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Weslawski JM, Kotwicki L (1998) Spitsbergen glacial bays macrobenthos – a comparative study. Polar Biol 20:66–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M, Górska B, Deja K, Morata N (2016) Do benthic meiofaunal and macrofaunal communities respond to seasonality in pelagial processes in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen)? Polar Biol 39:2115–2129

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The initiative to assemble these review papers, including long-term data series, about the knowledge about the marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden was taken during the Second Kongsfjorden Ecosystem Workshop in 2014. We are grateful for workshop funding from the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Research Council of Norway, Svalbard Science Forum, Havet og kysten (Project no. 234347), Fram Centre Flagship, Fjord & Kyst (Project no. 2014–8), Alfred Wegener Institute, Kings Bay AS, and the Priority Programme on Antarctic Research of the German Science Foundation (DFG). Moreover, we appreciate the support from the Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at NPI. We finally thank Roger Willy Hagerup (NPI) for assembling the map. We trust that this volume of Advances in Polar Ecology will set the stage for future work in Kongsfjorden and will strengthen the ongoing Ny-Ålesund Research Flagship Programme, where the Kongsfjorden System is one of the four flagships (http://nysmac.npolar.no/research/flagships/kongsfjorden.html). Photos are provided by Haakon Hop.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

    Haakon Hop

  2. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

    Haakon Hop

  3. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Christian Wiencke

Authors
  1. Haakon Hop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christian Wiencke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haakon Hop .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

    Haakon Hop

  2. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Christian Wiencke

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hop, H., Wiencke, C. (2019). The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. In: Hop, H., Wiencke, C. (eds) The Ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Advances in Polar Ecology, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46425-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation