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Fetal Heart Disease

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Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease

Part of the book series: Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents and Adults ((CHDAA))

Abstract

Antenatal diagnosis of structural CHD is now established in clinical practice in many countries. As a consequence, fetal cardiology has developed into a specialty on its own right. Extra-cardiac, chromosomal and genetic abnormalities are not uncommon associations, and therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is important when counselling families about diagnosis and prognosis of fetal CHD. Complex structural abnormalities can be accurately diagnosed in mid-gestation, and in many instances, this can be accomplished in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy. However, some forms of structural heart disease can progress as pregnancy advances and changes in the perinatal circulation can further modify the neonatal ultrasound findings. All these aspects need to be taken into account when informing parents about diagnosis of fetal heart disease, management plan for the pregnancy, surgical options for the neonate and child but also going into adulthood as well as a balanced account of current knowledge of likely short- to medium- to long-term outcome and long-life uncertainties that remain.

Prenatal diagnosis can improve mortality and morbidity of critical cardiac abnormalities. It prepares the family for postnatal events and helps with perinatal management plan by optimizing delivery, but in some instances, it also offers the family the option to continue with the pregnancy or not.

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Abbreviations

3VTV:

Three vessels and trachea view

3VV:

Three-vessel view

CHD:

Congenital heart disease

ISUOG:

International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

LA:

Left atrium

LV:

Left ventricle

NHS FASP:

National Health Service Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme

NT:

Nuchal translucency

PA:

Pulmonary artery

RA:

Right atrium

RV:

Right ventricle

SSA:

Sequential segmental analysis

SVC:

Superior vena cava

VMax:

Maximal velocity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital and St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Reader in Fetal Cardiology, Molecular and Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, UK

    Julene S. Carvalho MD, PhD, FRCPCH

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Olus Api MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Julene S. Carvalho MD, PhD, FRCPCH
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  2. Olus Api MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Julene S. Carvalho MD, PhD, FRCPCH .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Gelderland, The Netherlands

    Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink

  2. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Mark R. Johnson

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Carvalho, J.S., Api, O. (2017). Fetal Heart Disease. In: Roos-Hesselink, J., Johnson, M. (eds) Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease. Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents and Adults. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38913-4_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38913-4_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-38911-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-38913-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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