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Handbook of the Protists pp 1–25Cite as

Blastocladiomycota

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Abstract

The Blastocladiomycota are posteriorly uniflagellated zoosporic fungi found as saprotrophs and parasites primarily in freshwater and soil. Once considered Chytridiomycota, phylogenetically they are a monophyletic group divergent from other zoosporic fungi, clustering among the nonzoosporic fungi. Their thalli range from monocentric, polycentric, tubular, to hyphal and are unusual among fungi in exhibiting alternation of a haploid gametophytic generation with a diploid sporophytic generation. Thick-walled resistant sporangia are the sites of meiosis and aid in the survival of the organism when environmental conditions become adverse. The hallmark of the group is the ultrastructural architecture of their zoospores, which includes a single nucleus proximal to the kinetosome, an aggregated cluster of ribosomes capping the nucleus anteriorly, and a lateral microbody-lipid globule complex (MLC). In addition to being the center for utilization of stored energy, the MLC has been implicated in rhodopsin-based photoreception and signal transduction in response to blue-green light. Invertebrates, plants, algae, oomycetes, and other blastoclads serve as hosts of parasitic members. For example, Paraphysoderma is a highly destructive pathogen of algae grown in mass cultures for biofuels and pharmaceuticals. As a pathogen of mosquitoes, Coelomomyces has been explored as a biocontrol agent, but its life cycle requirement for alternation of hosts makes this a difficult system to maintain. The saprotrophs Allomyces and Blastocladiella are emerging as model organisms in developmental biology, genetics, physiology, and genomics.

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Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to Dr. Peter Letcher for assistance in assembling illustrations. This work was supported in part by All Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) DEB-0732599 and Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET) DEB-0529694 grants from the National Science Foundation.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Martha J. Powell

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  1. Martha J. Powell
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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Mole, Dalhousie University Department of Biochemistry and Mole, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Claudio H. Slamovits

  4. Ashland, Oregon, USA

    Lynn Margulis

  5. Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln Biozentrum Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Michael Melkonian

  6. Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, University of California Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    David J. Chapman

  7. Libertyville, Illinois, USA

    John O. Corliss

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Powell, M.J. (2016). Blastocladiomycota. In: Archibald, J., et al. Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_17-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_17-1

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