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Hydrocephalus in Chiari Malformations and Other Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities

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Pediatric Hydrocephalus

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Abstract

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ), or the craniocervical junction as it is otherwise known, is composed of the occipital bone that surrounds the foramen magnum, the atlas vertebrae, the axis vertebrae, and their associated ligaments and musculature. CVJ abnormalities are a varied group of conditions with different etiologies and have the potential to affect CSF flow by fourth ventricular outlet obstruction, venous flow abnormalities, or other mechanisms. Here we review the pathogenesis, presentation, and imaging characteristics of Chiari I and Chiari II malformations. We describe the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus associated with these conditions as well as the management strategy and treatment options. In addition, we describe other CVJ abnormalities associated with hydrocephalus and the optimal treatment strategy. These include basilar invagination, basilar impression, and achondroplasia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Brian J. Dlouhy & Arnold H. Menezes

  2. Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Brian J. Dlouhy

Authors
  1. Brian J. Dlouhy
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  2. Arnold H. Menezes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian J. Dlouhy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli

  2. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    M. Memet Ozek

  3. Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

    Christian Sainte-Rose

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli

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Dlouhy, B.J., Menezes, A.H. (2018). Hydrocephalus in Chiari Malformations and Other Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities. In: Cinalli, G., Ozek, M., Sainte-Rose, C. (eds) Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31889-9_66-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31889-9_66-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31889-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31889-9

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