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Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems pp 47–88Cite as

Native Fruit, Cone and Seed Insects in the Mediterranean Basin

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Abstract

Tree reproductive structures represent both an extremely rich source of food and breeding sites for many insect species, which are considered the most important seed predators during the pre-dispersal phase of seed development. In the Mediterranean Basin, a total of 99 native species, distributed among 47 genera, 21 families and 5 orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera), are currently known to colonize the fruiting structures of both angiosperms and gymnosperms. Such entomofauna displays a particularly high level of endemism. Species can be included in different guilds, depending on whether they feed or develop only in the fruit (including the seeds) or if they can also feed or develop in other habitats (e.g. foliage, shoots and twigs, cone-bearing shoots, bark) when fruits are unavailable. Specialist and generalist insect species have developed diverse ecological strategies to exploit this particular kind of resource, which, unlike other parts of the plant such as leaves, can display important spatio-temporal variations in abundance. Additionally to direct consumption, insect attacks can lead to fruit abortion or facilitated introduction of microbes and pathogens. Fruiting structure insects can have important impacts on both plant demography and evolution, which make them contribute to key ecological processes in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Economic impacts of fruiting structure insects are related to reductions in the availability of high quality seeds for reforestation and afforestation programs, or by affecting supplies of non-wood forest products. This chapter provides the first synthesis on the diversity, the evolutionary ecology and the impacts of the insect fauna associated with fruits and seeds of forest trees in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The embryo is considered as a preyed-individual.

  2. 2.

    Listed countries refer to areas in which studies on insects of Mediterranean fruiting structure have been carried out so far.

  3. 3.

    See Sect. 4.3.3 for a definition of endemism.

  4. 4.

    See Sect. 4.4.

  5. 5.

    When such genetic data are available.

  6. 6.

    Leptoglossus occidentalis is now a common pine seed predator in southern Europe, but it has been introduced from the U.S.A. See Chap. 11 for more details on this invasive species.

  7. 7.

    Masting species are generally seed-limited.

  8. 8.

    Certain plant traits may attract both seed feeders and pollinators.

  9. 9.

    See FAO (1997) for a list of the sources of Mediterranean conifer seeds.

  10. 10.

    See Chap. 9 for invasion issues in fruiting structure insects in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France

    Thomas Boivin

  2. UR633 Zoologie Forestière, INRA, 45075, Orléans, France

    Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg

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  1. Thomas Boivin
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  2. Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg
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Correspondence to Thomas Boivin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA

    Timothy D. Paine

  2. Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Orléans, Orléans Cedex 2, France

    Francois Lieutier

Appendix 4.1: Entomofauna of tree reproductive structures in the Mediterranean Basin, and its host plants, distribution and guilds

Appendix 4.1: Entomofauna of tree reproductive structures in the Mediterranean Basin, and its host plants, distribution and guilds

Species

Host family

Host genus

Distribution

Guild

Feeding guild

References

COLEOPTERA

Anobiidae

Ernobius anatolicus

Pinaceae

Cedrus

E

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius angusticollis

Pinaceae

Abies, Cedrus, Pinus

N, E

HC

CS

Johnson (1975), Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius cupressi

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

N

HC

C

Roques (1983)

Ernobius fructuum

Pinaceae

Cedrus

W

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), Mouna (2013)

Ernobius impressithorax

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

HC

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), Bracalini et al. (2013)

Ernobius kaidilisi

Pinaceae

Abies

N

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius mollis

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

HC

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius oertzenii

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius oxycedri

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, W, E

HC

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Ernobius parens

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, W

HC

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), Bracalini et al. (2013)

Ernobius pini crassiusculum

Pinaceae

Pinus

E

HC

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Bruchidae

Bruchidius raddianae

Fabaceae

Acacia

W

CO

CS

Derbel et al. (2007)

Curculionidae

Curculio elephas

Fagaceae

Castanea, Quercus

N, W, E

CO

S

Pélisson et al. (2013), Speranza (1999)

Curculio glandium

Fagaceae

Quercus

N, W, E

CO

S

Pélisson et al. (2013)

Curculio nucum

Fagaceae

Castanea, Quercus

N

CO

S

Martin (1949)

Curculio pellitus

Fagaceae

Quercus

N

CO

S

Pélisson et al. (2013)

Curculio propinquus

Fagaceae

Quercus

N

CO

S

Paparatti and Speranza (2004)

Curculio venosus

Fagaceae

Quercus

N

CO

S

Pélisson et al. (2013)

Dorytomus affinis

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus dejeani

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus icter

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus longimanus

Salicaceae

Populus

N, W

HC

CS

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus subauratus

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus taeniatus

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Dorytomus tortrix

Salicaceae

Populus

N

CO

IF

Delplanque (1998)

Nanodiscus transversus

Cupressaceae

Cupressus, Juniperus

N, W

CO

C

Roques (1983), El Alaoui El Fels and Roques (2005)

Onyxacalles portusveneris

Fagaceae

Quercus

N, W

CO

S

Komeza and Germann (2005)

Pissodes validirostris

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

CO

CS

Roques (1983)

DIPTERA

Anthomyiidae

Strobilomyia carbonaria

Pinaceae

Abies

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Cecidomyiidae

Asynapta strobi

Pinaceae

Pinus

E

CO

C

Toper Kaygin et al. (2014)

Camptomyia pinicolana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

CO

C

Roques (1983)

Contarinia sp1

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

W

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Contarinia sp2

Pinaceae

Cedrus

W

CO

S

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Dasineura abiesemia

Pinacea

Abies

E

CO

S

Ayberk and Cebeci (2010)

Oligotrophus sp

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

W

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Resseliela picae

Pinacea

Abies

E

CO

S

Ayberk and Cebeci (2010)

Lonchaeidae

Earomyia impossibile

Pinaceae

Abies

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Trypetidae

Rhagoletis flavigenualis

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

E

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Chloropidae

Hapleginella laevifrons

Pinaceae

Cedrus

W

CO

S

Mouna (2013)

HEMIPTERA

Coccidae

Carulaspis sp

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

HC

C

Ulgenturk and Canakcioglu (2004)

Diaspis sp

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

E

HC

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Coreidae

Gonocerus insidiator

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, W

CO

C

Moulet (1995), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Gonocerus juniperi

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), Samin et al. (2011)

Lygaeidae

Nysius sp

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

CO

ESP

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Orsillus depressus

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

N, W

CO

ESP

Rouault (2002)

Orsillus maculatus

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

N, W

CO

ESP

Rouault (2002)

Spilostethus pandurus

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Miridae

Campylomma diversicorne

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Campylomma verbasci

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

IF

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Lygus gemellatus

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Pentatomidae

Cyphostethus tristriatus

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

CO

C

Lodos and Onder (1979), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Holcogaster fibulata

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

E

CO

C

Dursun and Fent (2011)

Pitieda pinicolana

Pinaceae, Cupressaceae

Pinus, Juniperus

N, E

CO

ESP

Roques (1983)

Acrosternum arabicum

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Brachynema germari

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Acrosternum breviceps

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

Pyrrhocoridae

Liorhyssus hyalinus

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

E

HC

ESP

Mehrnejad et al. (2013)

HYMENOPTERA

Eurytomidae

Eurytoma plotnikovi

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

N, W, E

CO

S

Mourikis et al. (1998), Braham (2005), Doğanlar et al. (2009)

Torymidae

Megastigmus amicorum

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

CO

S

Roques and Skrzypczyńska (2003)

Megastigmus atlanticus

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

W

CO

S

Roques and Skrzypczyńska (2003)

Megastigmus bipunctatus

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N

CO

S

Roques and Skrzypczyńska (2003)

Megastigmus juniperi

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

E

CO

S

Roques and Skrzypczyńska (2003)

Megastigmus pinsapinis

Pinaceae

Abies, Cedrus

N, W

CO

S

Fabre et al. (2004)

Megastigmus schimitscheki

Pinaceae

Abies, Cedrus

N, E

CO

S

Fabre et al. (2004), Auger-Rozenberg et al. (2012)

Megastigmus suspectus

Pinaceae

Abies, Cedrus

N, E

CO

S

Fabre et al. (1999), Stojanova et al. (2012)

Megastigmus thuriferana

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, W

CO

S

Auger-Rozenberg et al. (2006)

Megastigmus wachtli

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

N, W

CO

S

Roques and Raimbault (1986)

Megastigmus pistaciae

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

N, W, E

CO

S

Roques and Skrzypczyńska (2003), Doğanlar et al. (2009)

LEPIDOPTERA

Gelechiidae

Brachyacma oxycedrella

Cupressaceae

Cupressus, Juniperus

N

CO

C, CS

Roques (1983)

Gelechia senticetella

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N

HC

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Palumbina guerinii

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia

N

CO

S

Mourikis et al. (1998)

Olethreutidae

Gravitarmata margarotana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

CO

CS

Toper Kaygin et al. (2014)

Gravitarmata retiferana

Pinaceae

Pinus

E

CO

CS

Toper Kaygin et al. (2014)

Pyralidae

Assara conicolella

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983)

Assara praestantella

Pinaceae

Cedrus

W

CO

CS

Mouna (2013)

Dioryctria abietella

Pinaceae

Abies

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Dioryctria resiniphila

Pinaceae

Abies

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Dioryctria mendacella

Pinaceae

Abies, Pinus

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Dioryctria mutatella

Pinaceae

Abies, Pinus

N, E

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Dioryctria peltieri

Pinaceae

Cedrus

W

CO

CS

Mouna (2013)

Dioryctria peyerhimoffi

Cupressaceae, Pinaceae

Cupressus, Cedrus

W

CO

IF

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), Mouna (2013)

Dioryctria pineae

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

CO

CS

Roques (1983)

Tortricidae

Barbara herrichiana

Pinaceae

Abies

N

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Barbara osmana

Pinaceae

Cedrus

E

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Clavigesta sylvestrana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

CO

IF

Karanikola and Markalas (2001)

Cydia conicolana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

CO

CS

Roques (1983), Karanikola (2002)

Pammene juniperana

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N

CO

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Pammene mariana

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

E

CO

CS

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

Pammene oxycedrana

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, W

CO

CS

Roques (1983), El Alaoui El Fels and Roques (2005)

Pseudococcyx tessulatana

Cupressaceae

Cupressus, Juniperus, Tetraclinis

N, W, E

CO

CS

Roques (1983), El Alaoui El Fels and Roques (2005)

Rhyacionia frustrana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

HC

CS

Roques (1983), Toper Kaygin et al. (2014)

Rhyacionia buoliana

Pinaceae

Pinus

N

HC

CS

Roques (1983)

Cydia strobilella

Pinaceae

Pinus

N, E

CO

CS

Toper Kaygin et al. (2014)

Cydia fagiglanda

Fagaceae

Fagus

N

CO

IF

Alford (2007)

Cydia splendana

Fagaceae

Castanea, Quercus

N

CO

IF

Speranza (1999), Alford (2007)

Pammene fasciana

Fagaceae

Castanea

N

CO

S

Speranza (1999)

Yponomeutidae

Arghyrestia reticulata

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, W

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005), El Alaoui El Fels and Roques (2005)

Arghyrestia chrysidella

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N

CO

C

Roques (1983)

Arghyrestia praecocella

Cupressaceae

Juniperus

N, E

CO

C

Roques and El Alaoui El Fels (2005)

E, N, W Eastern, Northern and Western Mediterranean sub-region, respectively; CO, HC conophyte (fruiting structure specialist), heteroconophyte (generalist), respectively; C, CS, ESP, IF, S conophage, conospermatophage, external seed predator, inflorescence feeder, spermatophage, respectively

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Boivin, T., Auger-Rozenberg, MA. (2016). Native Fruit, Cone and Seed Insects in the Mediterranean Basin. In: Paine, T., Lieutier, F. (eds) Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24744-1_4

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