Abstract
This article links such independently studied concepts as ethical leadership, creativity, and culture as a resource of business and its aim. It is argued that linkage of these concepts in practice leads to normal, healthy, and adaptive development of an organization. Organizational health will be connected with healthy leadership and opposed to organizational “psychopathy” with its narcissist leaders and their aloofness to ethics. Another aspect of organizational mental health is observed in relation to health-integrated organizational culture, and the question of organizational responsibility toward culture in its search for creative solutions is addressed, as an important indicator of mental maturity; the regulatory role of shame in the moral growth process is emphasized. The paper is a preliminary conceptual introduction to the work in progress dedicated to the aspects of (morally) healthy leadership, connecting it to the theory of creativity, psychophysiology, and economy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literature
Aldwin, C. M. (1994). Stress, coping, and development. New York/London: Guilford Press.
Allio, R. J. (2007). Bad leaders: How they get that way and what to do about them. Strategy & Leadership, 35(3), 12–17.
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76(5), 76–87.
Amanzhol, I. A., Onayev, S. T., Balayeva, E. A., Shadetova, A. G., & Kurmangaliyeva, D. S. (2011). Health level of the operators working in shifts. Archive Euromedica, 3, 6–10.
Anderson, D., & Ackerman-Anderson, L. S. (2010). Beyond change management. Advanced strategies for today's transformational leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
Avolio, B. J., & Locke, E. E. (2002). Contrasting different philosophies of leader motivation: Altruism versus egoistic. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 4.
Badaracco, J. (2002). Leading quietly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Baldoni, J. (2004). On leadership communication: Humility. Darwin Online. Available at: www.darwinmag.com/read/060104/baldoni.html
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Barling, J., Christie, A., & Turner, N. (2008). Pseudo-transformational leadership: Toward the development and test of a model. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 851–861.
Bass, B., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leader behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181–217.
Beckmann, H., & Lanczik, M. (1990). Preface. Psychopathology, 23, 191–192. doi:10.1159/000284659.
Benedict, R. (1934). Patterns of culture. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., & Korschun, D. (2011). Leveraging corporate social responsibility: The stakeholder route to business and societal value. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boddy, C. R. (2010). Corporate psychopaths and productivity. Management Services, 54, 26–30.
Boddy, C. R. (2011). The corporate psychopaths theory of the global financial crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 255–259.
Bodrov, V. A. (2006). Psihologicheskij stress: razvitije I preodolenije. Orig: Бодров, В.А. Психологический стресс: развитие и преодоление. Москва: PerSe. [Psychological Stress: development and coping.]
Brown, M. E., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Ethical and unethical leadership: Exploring new avenues for future research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(4), 583–616.
Burns, J. M. (2003). Transforming leadership. New York: Atlantic Monthly.
Carey, T. A., & Mullan, R. J. (2004). What is socratic questioning? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41(3), 217–226.
Christensen, C. M. (2010). How will you measure your life? Harvard Business Review, 88, 7–8 (July–August), 46–51
Christensen, C. M. (2011). The innovator’s dilemma. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Christensen, C., Grossman, J., & Hwang, J. (2008). The innovator’s prescription: A disruptive solution for health care. New York: McGraw Hill.
Christian, M., & Ellis, A. (2011, October). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self-regulatory perspective. The Academy of management Journal, 54(5), 913–934.
Ciulla, J. B. (2005). The state of leadership ethics and the work that lies before us. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14(4), 323–335. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Clampitt, P. G. (2001). Communicating for managerial effectiveness (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 leadership: The triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 67–77.
Cropley, A. J. (2006). In praise of convergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 391–404.
Cropley, D. H., & Cropley, A. J. (2005). Engineering creativity: A systems concept of functional creativity. In J. C. Kaufman & J. Baer (Eds.), Faces of the muse: How people. Think, work and act creatively in diverse domains (pp. 169–185). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Czikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Good business. Leadership, flow, and the making of meaning. New York: Viking.
Darso, L. (2004). Artful creation: Learning tales of arts-in-business. Denmark: Samfundslitteratur.
de George, R. T. (1999). Business ethics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Decety, J., & Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1, 22–65.
Demuijnck, G. (2015). Universal Values and Virtues in Management Versus Cross-Cultual Moral Relativism: An Educational Strategy to Clear the Ground for Business Ethics.
DeMiranda, P. C., Aranha, J. A. S., & Zardo, J. (2009). Creativity: People, environment and culture, the key elements in its understanding and interpretation. Science and Public Policy, 36(7), 523–535.
Dolyatovsky, L. V., & Gamalej, N. J. (2011). Kreativnyje metody v razvitiji predprijatija. Orig: Долятовский, Л.В., Гамалей, Н.Ю. Креативные методы в развитии предприятия. Креативная экономика №7 (55). [Creative methods in the development of the organisation]
Eizenck, H. J. (1976). The rearing model theory of neurosis – A new approach. Behavior research and therapy, 14(4), 251–267.
Fessler, D. M. T. (2004). Shame in two cultures: Implications for evolutionary approaches. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 4(2), 207–262.
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston: Row, Peterson.
Freud, A. (1937). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Gannushkin, P. B. (1964). Izbrannyje trudy. Orig: Ганнушкин П. Б. Избранные труды). Москва [Gannushkin, P.B. Selected Works, Moscow.]
Gannushkin, P. B. (1998). Sladostrastije, zhestokostj I religija. (Сладострастие, жестокость и религия) В: Ганнушкин П.Б. Избранные труды/Под ред. проф. О.В. Кербикова. Ростов-на-Дону: “Феникс”. Orig. 1901: “La volupté, la cruauté et la religion” Annales medico-psychologiques, t. XIV, Novembre.
George, J. (2000). Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence. Human Relations, 53, 1027–1055.
Gilchrist, G., Blázquez, A., & Torrens, M. (2012). Exploring the relationship between intimate partner violence, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders among female drug users in Barcelona. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 5(2), 46–58.
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1997). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate greatness. New York: Paulist Press.
Grimak, L. P. (1987). Rezervy chelovecheskoj psihiki. [Reserves of the Human Psyche] Orig: Гримак, Л.П. Резервы человеческой психики. Москва: Издательство политической литературы.
Groves, K. S., & LaRocca, M. A. (2011). Responsible leadership outcomes via stakeholder CSR values: Testing a values-centered model of transformational leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 98, 37–55.
Gurven, M., Allen-Arave, W., Hill, K., & Hurtado, M. (2000). “It’s a wonderful life:” Signaling generosity among the Ache of Paraguay. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 263–282.
Hall, S., Winlow, S., & Ancrum, C. (2008). Criminal identities and consumer culture. London: Routledge.
Hart, K. M., Capps, H. R., Cangemi, J. P., & Caillouet, L. M. (1986). Exploring organizational trust and its multiple dimensions: A case study of general motors. Organization Development Journal, 4, 31–39.
Hayes, N. (2000). Foundations of psychology (3rd ed.). London: Thompson Learning.
Heller, R. (2004). Balance discipline and creativity to make innovation work for you. Business Source Premier: Computer weekly; 10/19/2004.
Hofstede, G. (1983, December). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Administrative Science Quarterly (Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University), 28(4), 625–629.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1992). The ethics of charismatic leadership: Submission of liberation? Academy of Management Executive, 6, 43–54.
Howkins, J. (2001). The creative economy: How people make money from ideas. London: Allen Lane.
http://creatinghealthyorganizations.ca/index.php. Retrieved: 20.04.2012.
http://www.peelregion.ca/health/workplace/employers/cwh/. Retrieved: 08.06.2012.
http://kriic.lv/kat/radosa-industrija/par-radoso-industriju KEA Kultūras ietekme uz kreativitāti [Culture influence on creativity]. Retrieved: 29.04.2013.
http://www.institute.nhs.uk NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement, resource visited: 12.06.2012
Hutter, M., & Throsby, D. (2008). Beyond price: Value in culture, economics, and the arts. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Iarskaia-Smirnova, E. (1999). Social work in Russia: Professional identity, culture and the state. In B. Lesnik (Ed.), International perspectives of social work (pp. 31–44). Brighton: Pavilion Publishing.
Iljin, J. P. (2005). Orig: Ильин, Е. П. Психофизиология состояний человека. Санкт-Петербург: Питер. [Psychophysiology of the conditions of the man]
Jones, M. D. (2006). Which is a better predictor of job performance: Job satisfaction or life satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 15(6), 77–97.
Jung, C. G. (1991). Psyche and symbol. Orig. 1958–1967 (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). Princeton.
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(38), 16489–16493. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011492107.
Kakko, I., & Inkinen, S. (2009, August). Homo creativus: Creativity and serendipity management in third generation science and technology parks. Science and Public Policy, 36(7), 537–548.
Kantor, M. (2006). The psychopathology of everyday life. London: Praeger.
Kanungo, R., & Mendonca, M. (1996). Ethical dimensions of leadership. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Kaptein, A. (2008). Developing and testing a measure for the ethical culture of organizations: The corporate ethical virtues model. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 29(7), 923–947.
Keller, S., & Price, C. (2011, June). Organizational health: The ultimate competitive advantage. McKinsey Quarterly, 2, 94–107.
Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad leadership: What it is, how it happens, why it matters. Harvard: Harvard Business School Press.
Kerbikov, O. V., Korkina, M. V., Nadzharov., & Snezhnevsky, A. V. (1968). Psychiatry. Orig: Кербиков, О.В., Коркина, М.В., Наджаров, Р.А., Снежневский, А.В. Психиатрия. Москва: Медицина.
Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (2009, September). The shadow side of leadership. Human capital review and Etdonline, South Africa.
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations perspective. Human Relations., 38(6), 583–601.
Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1991). Leadership: Do traits matter? Academy of Management Executive, 5(2), 48–60.
Kohlberg, L. (1973). The claim to moral adequacy of a highest stage of moral judgment. Journal of Philosophy (The Journal of Philosophy), 70(18), 630–646.
Kottler, J. P. (1998). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Boston: Harvard Business Review on change.
Krznaric, R. (2008). You are therefore I am: How empathy education can create social change. Oxfam GB research report.
Lawrence, P. G. (2006). Neo-humility and business leadership: Do they belong together? Journal of Business and Leadership, 2(1), 116–126.
Leonhard, K. (1989). Accentuated Personalities (trans: Леонгард, К.). Акцентуированные личности. Москва: Феникс.
Lewis, M. (1992). Shame: The exposed self. New York: The Free Press.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). The allure of toxic leaders: Why we follow destructive bosses and corrupt politicians – and how we can survive them. New York: Oxford University Press.
Livermore, D. (2010). Leading with cultural intelligence. New York: American Management Association.
Lubit, R. (2004). Coping with toxic managers, subordinates and other difficult people. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Financial Times.
Maak, T., & Pless, N. (2006). Responsible leadership in a stakeholder society – A relational perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 66, 99–115.
Martin, R. A. (2006). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. London: Elsevier.
Matsumoto, D.R. (2000). Culture and psychology. People around the world. Delmar: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Maurer, R. (1996). Using resistance to build support for change. Journal for Quality & Participation, 19(3), 56–66.
May, R. (2001). The courage to create. (trans: Мэй, Р.). Мужество творить. Львов: Инициатива.
Mayer, R. E. (1999). Fifty years of creativity research. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McAlister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and condition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organisation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24–59.
McCarthy, B. (1996). About learning. Barrington: Excel Inc.
McGuire, M. T., Fawzy, F. I., Spar, J. E., Weigel, R. M., & Troisi, A. (1994). Altruism and mental disorders. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 299–321.
McLellan, D. (Ed.). (2000). Karl Marx: Selected writings (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Miller, G. G. (2007). Sexual selection for moral virtues. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 82(2), 97–125.
Moberg, D. J. (1999). Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(2), 245–72.
Morris, J., Hassard, J., & McCann, L. (2008). The resilience of ‘Institutionalised Capitalism’: Managing under ‘Shareholder Capitalism’ and ‘Managerial Capitalism’. Human Relations, 61, 687–710.
Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J., & Witmer, J. M. (2000). The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 251–266.
Nebylitzyn, V. D. (1991). Osnovnyje svojstva nervnoj sistemy. Orig. Не6ылицын В.Д. Основные свойства нервной системы. [Main Principles of the Nervous System] М.: Педагогика.
Nesse, R. M. (Ed.). (2001). Evolution and the capacity for commitment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Nietzsche, F. (1887). Zur Genealogie der Moral: Eine Streitschrift. Leipzig (Germany): G Navmann [Translated and edited by M Clark and A Swensen as On the Genealogy of Morals. 1998. Indianapolis: Hackett.]
Paunonen, S. V. (2006). You are honest, therefore I like you and find you attractive. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 237–249.
Pavlov, I. P. (1955). Selected works. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
Pavlov, I. P. (2001). The freedom reflex. Orig: Павлов, И.П. Рефлекс свободы. Питер.
Piaget, J. (1969). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.
Plato Protagoras In: Lombardo, S., & Bell, K. (1992). Plato Protagoras, Hackett Publishing.
Pless, N. (2007). Understanding responsible leadership: Role identity and motivational drivers. Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 437–456.
Porter, M. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 95–117.
Price, T. L. (2005). Abuse, privilege, and the conditions of responsibility for leaders. In J. B. Ciulla, T. L. Price, & S. E. Murphy (Eds.), The quest for moral leaders: Essays in leadership ethics. Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd.
Quinn, R., Faerman, S., Thompson, M., McGrath, M., & St. Clair, L. (2007). Becoming a master manager: A competing values approach (4th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley.
Roberto, M. (2005). Why great leaders don’t take yes for an answer: Managing for conflict and consensus. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing, Pearson Education Inc.
Saad, G. (2007). The evolutionary bases of consumption. New York: Routledge.
Sauer, E., & Ropo, A. (2006). Leadership and the driving force of shame: A social constructionist analysis of narrative. In N. M. Ashkanasy, W. J. Zerbe & C. E. J. Hartel (Series Eds.) & W. J. Zerbe, N. M. Ashkanasy & C. E. J. Hartel (Vol. Eds.), Research on emotion in organizations: Vol. 2. Individual and organizational perspectives on emotion management and display (pp. 57–80). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Schoorman, D. F., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007). An integrative model of organisational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 344–354.
Schwab, J. J. (1986). Stress from a psychiatric epidemiological perspective. Stress Medicine, 2, 211–220.
Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Selye, H. (1991). Psihofiziologija stressa. (Селъе Г. Психофизиология стресса, М., Медицина, 1991) [Psychophysiology of Stress].
Shaner, A., Miller, G., & Mintz, J. (2004). Schizophrenia as one extreme of a sexually selected fitness indicator. Schizophrenia Research, 70, 101–109.
Shein, E. (2010). Organisational culture and leadership (4th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher.
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Creativity is a decision. Monitor on Psychology, 34(10), p. 5.
Strebel, P. (1998, orig.1996). Why do employees resist change? Harvard Business review on change.
Symington, N. (1993). Narcissism: A new theory. London: Karnac Books Ltd.
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 193–210.
The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2007). The 2007 e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar. A white paper from The Economist Intelligence Unit in co-operation with The IBM Institute for Business Values. http://www.unoon.com/docs/2007Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
TilltEurope. (2009). Transforming organizations with the arts. Research report. [on-line]. Available: http://www.creativeclash.eu. Retrieved: 05.05.13.
Treviño, L. K., Brown, M., & Hartman, L. P. (2003). A qualitative investigation of perceived executive ethical leadership: Perceptions from inside and outside the executive suite. Human Relations, 55, 5–37.
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2010). Riding the waves of innovation: Harness the power of global culture to drive creativity and growth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tucker, W. H. (2009). The Cattell controversy: Race, science, and ideology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Tylor, J. (1977). Secret of life album: Professional experience of 25 years as a practicing clinical psychologist. Author Copyright: JT.
Witmer, J. M., & Sweeney, T. J. (1992). A holistic model for wellness and prevention over the lifespan. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 140–148.
Whitebread, D. (Ed.). (2000). The psychology of teaching and learning in the primary school. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization – Basic documents (45th ed.), Supplement. Available: http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en. Retrieved 12.05.2012.
Zhou, J., & George, J. (2003). Awakening employee creativity: The role of the leader. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 545–560.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2010). The business model: Theoretical roots, recent developments, and future research’ IESE, June, 2010 – revised September 2010 http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0862-E.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bulatova, J. (2016). Morality as an Index of Mental Health of the Organization: Building a Model of Healthy Leadership. In: Coutinho de Arruda, M., Rok, B. (eds) Understanding Ethics and Responsibilities in a Globalizing World. The International Society of Business, Economics, and Ethics Book Series, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23081-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23081-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23080-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23081-8
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)