Abstract
One of important applications of the sol–gel method is the fabrication of ferroelectric materials. Most ferroelectric materials are multimetal oxides. The main advantage of the sol–gel method is that ferroelectric materials can be formed to various shapes, such as bar, disk, fiber, and film, in fact, the most successful product is ferroelectric thin film. This chapter is dealing with some general concepts of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, as well as some typical methods for measurement of the ferroelectric materials obtained by sol–gel method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Batthias BT, von Hippel A. Structure, electrical, and optical properties of barium titanate. Phys Rev. 1948;73:268.
Bescher EP, Xu Y, Mackenzie JD. Ferroelectric-glass nano-composites. Proc SPIE. 1997;3136:397. In Sol–gel Optics, vol. IV.
Blattner H, Kanzig WJ, Merz WJ, Sutter H. Helv Phys Acta. 1948;21:207.
Boulton JM, Teowee G, Bommersbach WM, Uhlmann DR. Second harmonic generation from sol–gel derived ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films. Proc SPIE. 1992;1758:292–303. In Sol–gel Optics, vol. II, J.D. Mackenzie, ed.
Brinker CJ, Scherer GW. Sol–gel science. San Diego: Academic; 1990.
Budd KD, Payne DA. Optical properties and densification of sol–gel derived PbTiO3 thin-layers. Proc SPIE. 1990;1328:450–5. In Sol–gel Optics, vol. I, J.D. Mackenzie D.R Ulrich, eds.
Cheng C-H, Xu Y, Mackenzie JD. Photoelectric properties of un-doped and Fe-doped LiNbO3 films made by sol–gel method. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 1991;243:65.
Cheng C-H, Xu Y, Cherry HB, Tseng J, Um G, Mackenzie JD. Piezoelectric properties of micro-machined cantilever PLZT thin films. Ferroelectrics. 1999;232:159–64.
Cross LE. Relaxor ferroelectrics. Ferroelectrics. 1987;76:241.
Eichorst DJ, Payne DA. Sol–gel processing of lithium niobate thin-layers for optical applications. Proc SPIE. 1990;1328:456–65. In Sol–gel Optics, vol. I, J.D. Mackenzie, D.R. Ulrich, eds.
Fatuzzo E. Measurement of small, fast variations in complex permittivity at ultra-high frequencies. Proc Instrum Electron Eng. 1962;109C:283.
Fuxi G, Xian XL. Preperation and optical nonlinear properties of PLT ceramic films by sol–gel process. Proc SPIE. 1992;1758:310–8. In Sol–gel optics, vol. II, J.D. Mackenzie, ed.
Glass AM. Investigation of the electrical properties of Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 with special reference to pyroelectric detection. J Appl Phys. 1969;40:4699.
Hagberg DS, Payne DA. Grain-oriented lithium niobate thin-layers prepared at sol–gel method. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 1990;200:19–24.
Hamazaki S, Shimizu F, Takahashi Y, Takashige M. Observation on creation and disappearance of 90° domain in BaTiO3 by scanning probe microscopy. Ferroelectrics. 2001;264:191–6.
Hirano S, Kikuta K, Kato K. Processing of stochiometric and Ti doped LiNbO3 films with preferred orientation from metal alkoxides. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 1990;200:3–11.
Hoffmann M, Kügeler C, Böttger U, Waser R. PZT and PMN-PT thin film cantilevers: comparison between monomorph and bimorph structures. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:181–6.
Ichijo B. On the new method of measuring dielectric constant and loss angles of semiconductors. J Appl Phys. 1953;24:307.
IRE Standards on Piezoelectric Crystals. Proc IRE. 1949;37:1378.
IRE Standards on Piezoelectric Crystals. Proc IRE. 1957;45:353.
IRE Standards on Piezoelectric Crystals. Proc IRE. 1958;46:764.
IRE Standards on Piezoelectric Crystals. Proc IRE. 1961;49:1161.
Johnson JA, Lisoni JG, Wouters DJ. Iridium based electrodes for ferroelectric capacitor fabrication. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:59–64.
Kang J, Yoko T, Kozuka H, Sakka S. Preparation of Pb-based complex perovskite coating films by sol–gel method. Proc SPIE. 1992;1758:249–59. In Sol–gel optics, vol. II, J.D. Mackenzie, ed.
Kim D-J, Maria JP, Kingon AI. Compositional effect on the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of chemical deposited PZT thin films. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:351–6.
Li JD, Lei LM, Shen WB. Acta Physica Sinica. 1984;13:407.
Liu ST, Heaps J, Tufte D. The pyroelectric properties of the lanthanum-doped ferroelectric PLZT ceramics. Ferroelectrics. 1972;3:281.
Lurio A, Stern E. Measurements of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 single crystals in the paraelectric region at x–band. J Appl Phys. 1960;31:1805.
Mackenzie JD, Xu YH. Ferroelectric materials by the sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 1997;8:673.
Merz W. The electric and optical behavior of BaTiO3 single–domain crystals. J Phys Rev. 1949;76:1221.
Merz W. Double hysteresis loop of BaTiO3 at the Curie Point. J Phys Rev. 1953;91:513.
Pan W, Cross LE. A sensitive double beam laser interferometer for studying high-frequency piezoelectric and electrostrictive strains. Rev Sci Instrum. 1989;60:2701.
Sayer CB, Tower CH. Rochelle salt as a dielectric. Phys Rev. 1930;35:269.
Sun LL, Liu WG, Tan OK, Zhu WG. Micro-machined pyroelectric infrared detector based on sol–gel derived Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3/PbTiO3 multilayer thin films. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:357–62.
Teowee G, Boulton JM, Motakef S, Uhlmann DR, Zelinski BJJ. Optical properties of sol–gel derived PZT thin films. Proc SPIE. 1992;1758:236–48. In Sol–gel Optics, vol. II, J.D. Mackenzie, ed.
Tokumitsu E, Suzuki T, Sugita N. Ferroelectric-gate structures and field-effect transistors using (Bi,La)4Ti3Oi2 films. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:67–72.
Watananbe T, Saito K, Osada M, Funakubo H. Preparation and characterization of a- and b- axis-oriented epitaxially grown Bi4Ti3O12-based thin films on rutile-type oxides. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2002;688:155–60.
Xu Y. Ferroelectric materials and their applications. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1991.
Xu Y, Mackenzie JD. Ferroelectric thin films prepared by sol–gel processing. Integr Ferroelectr. 1992;1:17–42.
Xu Y, Mackenzie JD. A theoretical explanation for ferroelectric-like properties of amorphous Pb(Zr x Ti1–x )O3 and BaTiO3. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1999;246:136.
Xu Y, Chen CJ, Xu R, Mackenzie JD. The self-biased heterojunction effect of ferroelectric thin film on silicon substrate. J Appl Phys. 1990a;67:2985–91.
Xu Y, Chen CJ, Xu R, Mackenzie JD. Ferroelectric thin films on silicon and fused silica substrates by sol–gel process. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 1990b;200:13–8.
Xu Y, Chen CJ, Xu R, Ferroelectric MJD. Sr0.6Ba0.4 Nb2O6 thin films by sol–gel process: electrical and optical properties. Phys Rev B. 1991;44:35–41.
Xu Y, Cheng CH, Mackenzie JD. Electrical characterizations of polycrystalline and amorphous thin films of Pb(Zr x Ti1–x )O3 and BaTiO3 prepared by sol–gel technique. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1994;176:1–17.
Xu Y, Cheng CH, Mackenzie JD. Epitaxial KNbO3 and Fe-doped KNbO3 thin films prepared by the sol–gel technique. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc (Ferroelectric Thin Films V). 1996;433:401.
Xu Y, Yudan L, Cheng CH, Mackenzie JD. Epitaxial ferroelectric thin films prepared by the sol–gel technique. Ferroelectrics. 1997;195:283.
Xu Y, Cheng CH, Mackenzie JD. Microstructure in heteroepitaxial potassium niobate thin films. J Korean Phys Soc. 1998;32:S1724–6.
Xu Y, Ye H, Cheng CH, Mackenzie JD. Electro-optic effect in nano-crystalline SbSI-doped glass. Ferroelectrics. 2001;259:259–68.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Xu, Y., Mackenzie, J.D. (2017). Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties. In: Klein, L., Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A. (eds) Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_51-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_51-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19454-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19454-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics