Abstract
The key lesson of the global crisis is that there is no such thing as inherent stability in economic systems and only a continuously revised and self-critical theory can provide knowledge, guidance and warnings on how a crisis can be dealt with or avoided altogether. Yet, the propagation of economic ideas in general and the teaching of economics in particular, are frequently characterized by overconfidence and lack of self-critical awareness. Some approaches are indulging in complex calculations disregarding the realism of the assumptions on which they are premised, while other schools of thought preach their ideas, no matter how they come to terms with reality. But economics are going to enjoy neither the deterministic certainties of natural sciences, nor the aloofness of philosophical purity. It is destined to be a knowledge system intrinsically linked to social dynamics and, therefore, continuously challenged by unforeseen problems. A major inspiration for improving this knowledge is by thoroughly reading the history of ideas and how they shaped, and were themselves triggered by, economic history.
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Notes
- 1.
Popper, All Life is Problem Solving (1999, Chap. 15, pp. 341–49).
- 2.
A discussion of these issues can be found in Reichenbach, From Copernicus to Einstein (1970).
- 3.
The most typical expression of the view that a universal theory can explain everything can be found in Stalin’s Economic Problems of Socialism in the Soviet Union: “What is needed, therefore, is a textbook which might serve as a reference book for the revolutionary youth not only at home, but also abroad… it must contain everything fundamental relating both to the economy of our country and to the economy of capitalism and the colonial system”.
- 4.
A concise presentation of the methodological issues in economics can be found in the classic book by Blaug, The methodology of Economics: or how economists explain (1980).
- 5.
Olson, The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities (1984, pp. 12–13).
- 6.
Friedman, The methodology of positive economics (1979, p. 10).
- 7.
A thorough discussion of these issues can be found in Ferguson, Virtual History (2011, p. 39).
- 8.
Marcuse, From Luther to Popper (1983, p. 199).
- 9.
Boldizzoni, The Poverty of Clio: Resurrecting Economic History (2011, p. 170).
- 10.
For a detailed account of the various approaches, see Wilk and Cligget, Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology (2007).
- 11.
Aptly titled Virtual History (2011).
References
Blaug M (1980) The methodology of economics: or how economists explain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Boldizzoni F (2011) The poverty of Clio: resurrecting economic history. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Ferguson N (2011) Virtual history. Penguin, London
Friedman M (1979) The methodology of positive economics. In: Hahn F, Hollis M (eds) Philosophy and economic theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Marcuse H (1983) From Luther to Popper. Verso, London
Olson M (1984) The rise and decline of nations: economic growth, stagflation and social rigidities. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
Popper K (1999) All life is problem solving. Routledge, New York
Reichenbach H (1970) From Copernicus to Einstein. Dover, New York
Wilk R, Cligget L (2007) Economies and cultures: foundations of economic anthropology. Westview Perseus, Boulder, CO
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Christodoulakis, N. (2015). Is There a Methodological Crisis in Economics?. In: How Crises Shaped Economic Ideas and Policies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16871-5_15
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