Abstract
There is a general consensus that prevailing Energy Crises 2050 will lead towards a serious shortage of fossil fuels in near future. Avoiding Global warming and energy crises are two major challenges to be faced in the coming decade. In this scenario, synthetic refrigerants are well known to create global warming and ozone depletion phenomena. Among natural refrigerants, CO2 having favourable properties in terms of heat transfer and thermodynamics, has been chosen as refrigerants in this study. This paper presents an optimal design and implementation of CO2 based solar water heater using evacuated glass tubes for low insulation area like Gilgit-Baltistan. The performance of designed/fabricated system has been measured using Thermosyphon arrangements. Several parameters, i.e. header design, filling pressure and temperature, height of tank, heat exchanger design, pipe size and its material, of this self-sustained energy free system have been thoroughly studied. Further, they have been optimized for the best performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhang X-R, Yamaguchia H, Unenoa D, Fujimab K, Enomotoc M, Sawadad N (2006) Analysis of a novel solar energy-powered Rankine cycle for combined power and heat generation using supercritical carbon dioxide. Renew Energy 31:1839–1854
Morrision GL, Budihardjo I, Behnia M (2004) Measurement and simulation of flow rate in a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater. Sol Energy 78:257–267
Kim Y, Seo T (2007) Thermal performances comparisons of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with shapes of absorber tube. Renew Energy 32:772–798
Hayek M, Assaf J, Lteif W (2006) Experimental investigation of the performance of evacuated tube solar collectors under eastern Mediterranean climate conditions. Energy Procedia 6:618–626
Redpath DAG, Lo SNG, Eames PC (2011) Experimental Investigation and optimisation study of a direct expansion thermosyphon heat-pipe evacuated tube solar water heater subjected to a northern maritime climate. Int J Ambient Energy 31(2):91–100
Yamaguchi H, Zhang X-R, Fujima K, Enomoto M, Sawada N (2006) Solar energy powered Rankine cycle using supercritical CO2. Appl Therm Eng 26:2345–2354
Chen Y, Pridasawas W, Lundqvist P (2010) Dynamic simulation of a solar driven carbon dioxide transcritical power system for small scale combined heat and power production. Solar Energy 84:1103–1110
Rieberer R (2005) Naturally circulating probes and collectors for ground-coupled heat pumps. Int J Refrig 28:1308–1315
Ochsner K (2008) Carbon dioxide heat pipe in conjunction with a ground source heat pump (GSHP). Appl therm Eng 28:2077–2082
Jeong SJ, Lee KS (2010) An experimental study of a carbon dioxide-filled thermosyphon for acquisition of low-temperature waste energy. Int J Energy Res 34:454–461
Yamaguchi H, Zhang X-R, Sawada N, Suzuki H, Ueda U (2009) Experimental study on a solar water heater using supercritical Carbon dioxide as working fluid. Proceeding of the ASME 2009, 3rd International Conference of Energy Sustainability, San Francisco, California, USA
Shariah A, Shalabi B (1997) Optimal design for a thermosyphon solar water heater. Renew Energy 11:351–361
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Abas, N., Khan, N., Hussain, I. (2014). A Solar Water Heater for Subzero Temperature Areas. In: Dincer, I., Midilli, A., Kucuk, H. (eds) Progress in Sustainable Energy Technologies: Generating Renewable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07895-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07896-0
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)