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Serum Paraoxonase 1 as a Biomarker: Features and Applications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Biomarkers in Diabetes

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder. Many factors are responsible for the formation and complications of T2DM. One of them is oxidative stress (OS). Recent studies show that paraoxonase (PON)1 activity, an antioxidant enzyme, plays a role in the onset and clinical progression of T2D. In addition to antioxidant properties of PON1, cardioprotective properties have also been demonstrated. These effects have been explained through many cellular mechanisms. At the same time, changes in enzyme activity as a result of PON1 polymorphism have been associated with the development and progression of T2DM. The decrease in PON1 activity has been shown not only in T2DM but also in many diseases such as Alzheimer’s and obesity. Both molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence suggest a strong association between PON1 and T2DM.

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Abbreviations

ApoA-I:

Apolipoprotein A-I

ApoJ:

Apolipoprotein J

Ca:

Calcium

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter 4

HbA1c:

Glycosylated hemoglobin

HCTL:

Homocysteine ​​thiolactone

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance

HTLase:

Homocysteine ​​thiolactonase

IR:

Insulin resistance

IRS-1:

Insulin receptor substrate-1

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

OS:

Oxidative stress

ox-LDL:

Oxidized-LDL

PON:

Paraoxonase

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

T2DM:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Berrin Öztaş, Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir & Hale Maral Kır

Authors
  1. Berrin Öztaş
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  2. Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir
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  3. Hale Maral Kır
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Correspondence to Berrin Öztaş or Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Franklin-Wilkins Bldg, Rm 4.101, 4th Fl, Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Health Sci, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Öztaş, B., Eraldemir, F.C., Kır, H.M. (2022). Serum Paraoxonase 1 as a Biomarker: Features and Applications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Diabetes. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81303-1_22-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81303-1_22-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81303-1

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