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On the Resilience of Internet Infrastructures in Pacific Northwest to Earthquakes

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Passive and Active Measurement (PAM 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 12671))

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Abstract

The U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) is one of the largest Internet infrastructure hubs for several cloud and content providers, research networks, colocation facilities, and submarine cable deployments. Yet, this region is within the Cascadia Subduction Zone and currently lacks a quantitative understanding of the resilience of the Internet infrastructure due to seismic forces. The main goal of this work is to assess the resilience of critical Internet infrastructure in the PNW to shaking from earthquakes. To this end, we have developed a framework called ShakeNet to understand the levels of risk that earthquake-induced shaking poses to wired and wireless infrastructures in the PNW. We take a probabilistic approach to categorize the infrastructures into risk groups based on historical and predictive peak ground acceleration (PGA) data and estimate the extent of shaking-induced damages to Internet infrastructures. Our assessments show the following in the next 50 years: \(\sim \)65% of the fiber links and cell towers are susceptible to a very strong to a violent earthquake; the infrastructures in Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue and Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro metropolitan areas have a 10% chance to incur a very strong to a severe earthquake. To mitigate the damages, we have designed a route planner capability in ShakeNet. Using this capability, we show that a dramatic reduction of PGA is possible with a moderate increase in latencies.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the anonymous reviewers and our shepherd, Zachary Bischof, for their insightful feedback. This work is supported by NSF CNS 1850297 award and Ripple faculty fellowship. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of NSF or Ripple.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Oregon, Eugene, USA

    Juno Mayer, Valerie Sahakian, Emilie Hooft, Douglas Toomey & Ramakrishnan Durairajan

Authors
  1. Juno Mayer
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  2. Valerie Sahakian
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  3. Emilie Hooft
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  4. Douglas Toomey
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  5. Ramakrishnan Durairajan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramakrishnan Durairajan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU), Cottbus, Germany

    Oliver Hohlfeld

  2. Telefonica Research, Barcelona, Spain

    Andra Lutu

  3. Iribe Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Dave Levin

A Appendices

A Appendices

1.1 A.1 Contour of Expected PGA Values

We use two sets of probabilistic PGA data which encompass the CSZ: expected PGA in the next 50 years at 10% (Fig. 5) and 2% (Fig. 6) for the PNW area. These data sets were computed using the USGS national seismic hazard map software for the 2014 map edition [53], obtained as raster information and converted to concentric polygons using raster contouring capabilities [54] in ArcGIS.

Fig. 5.
figure 5

Expected PGA with 10% chance in next 50 years.

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Fig. 6.
figure 6

Expected PGA with 2% chance in next 50 years.

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1.2 A.2 Miles of Fiber Affected Per Provider

Figures 7 and 8 show the fiber miles for individual providers for PGA values with 2% and 10% probability of exceedance within the next 50 years, respectively. From these figures, we see that Spectrum Business is at the highest risk as it has fiber assets in all higher PGA value bins, followed by Zayo and Integra.

Fig. 7.
figure 7

Miles of fiber affected for expected PGA with 2% probability.

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Fig. 8.
figure 8

Miles of fiber affected for expected PGA with 10% probability.

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Mayer, J., Sahakian, V., Hooft, E., Toomey, D., Durairajan, R. (2021). On the Resilience of Internet Infrastructures in Pacific Northwest to Earthquakes. In: Hohlfeld, O., Lutu, A., Levin, D. (eds) Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12671. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_15

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