Abstract
An adult skeleton has over 200 bones. Each bone has a specific function. These different functions bring different types of mechanical loadings. To ensure a healthy behavior of the bone, a throughout life process occurs on the micro-architecture of the cortical bone. This process highly depends on the stress applied on the bone. The micro-architecture is able to supply blood and nutrients into the bone matrix and acts on the bone remodeling process. The architecture is formed by vascular canals where the orientation depends on the main axis of the mechanical loading. Vascular canals of the cortical bone located in long bone diaphysis are mainly oriented along the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis. Moreover, the canal network is tortuous and several geometrical features should affect the macroscopic behavior of the bone. The novelty of this work is to use a method which accurately describes the vascular architecture of the cortical bone based on micro-computed tomography and to correlate these results with the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the cortical bone. This experimental study is based on the extraction of cortical bone samples from four cadaveric human subjects. For each human subject, left and right humeri and femurs are studied. Dumbbell-shaped bone specimens are prepared from each bone. Care was taken to preserve bone properties after extraction: a maximum of 15 days was fixed between the extraction and the mechanical testing. Samples were constantly kept hydrated and stored at 4 °C in order to avoid frost/defrost cycles. Specimens are scanned and subsequently mechanically loaded to failure. Results will show the impact of the laterality of the bone on the architecture, the impact of loading on the bone on the architecture by comparing humeral and femoral samples for each human subject and finally the impact of the architecture on the mechanical behavior of the bone.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
D.M.L. Cooper, C.E. Kawalilak, K. Harrison, B.D. Johnston, J.D. Johnston, Cortical bone porosity: what is it, why is it important, and how can we detect it? Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 14(5), 187–198 (2016)
H.M. Frost, Tetracycline-based histological analysis of bone remodeling. Calcif. Tissue Res. 3(3), 211–237 (1969)
H.M. Frost, Mean formation time of human osteons. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 41(5), 1307–1310 (1963)
M.J. Mirzaali, A. Bürki, J. Schwiedrzik, P.K. Zysset, U. Wolfram, Continuum damage interactions between tension and compression in osteonal bone. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 49, 355–369 (2015)
U. Stefan, B. Michael, S. Werner, Effects of three different preservation methods on the mechanical properties of human and bovine cortical bone. Bone 47(6), 1048–1053 (2010)
X. Neil Dong, X. Edward Guo, The dependence of transversely isotropic elasticity of human femoral cortical bone on porosity. J. Biomech. 37(8), 1281–1287 (2004)
F. Libonati, L. Vergani, Bone toughness and crack propagation: an experimental study. Procedia Eng. 74, 464–467 (2014)
R. Bry, Contribution à l’étude de la variabilité des propriétés mécaniques de l’os cortical diaphysaire d’un os porteur (fémur) et non-porteur (humérus). PhD thesis. (Valenciennes, 2015). http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0022
B. Perchalski et al., Asymmetry in the cortical and trabecular bone of the human humerus during development. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 301(6), 1012–1025 (2018)
F. Vandenbulcke et al., On the mechanical characterization of human humerus using multi-scale continuum finite element model, in 2012 IRCOBI Conference, Dublin, 2012, pp. 598–610
M.J. Mirzaali et al., Mechanical properties of cortical bone and their relationships with age, gender, composition and microindentation properties in the elderly. Bone 93(Supplement C), 196–211 (2016)
X. Roothaer, R. Delille, H. Morvan, B. Bennani, E. Markiewicz, C. Fontaine, A three-dimensional geometric quantification of human cortical canals using an innovative method with micro-computed tomographic data. Micron 114, 62–71 (2018)
X. Roothaer, R. Delille, H. Morvan, B. Bennani, E. Markiewicz, C. Fontaine, « Quantitative method for the three-dimensional assessment of human cortical long-bone architecture based on micro-CT images ». CMBBE 2018. Lisbon, Portugal (2018)
D.M.L. Cooper, A.L. Turinsky, C.W. Sensen, B. Hallgrímsson, Quantitative 3D analysis of the canal network in cortical bone by micro-computed tomography. Anat. Rec. B. New Anat. 274B(1), 169–179 (2003)
N. Otsu, A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 9(1), 62–66 (1979)
G. Zhang, X. Deng, F. Guan, Z. Bai, L. Cao, H. Mao, The effect of storage time in saline solution on the material properties of cortical bone tissue. Clin. Biomech. 57, 56–66 (2018)
L. Duchemin et al., Prediction of mechanical properties of cortical bone by quantitative computed tomography. Med. Eng. Phys. 30(3), 321–328 (2008)
Acknowledgements
This research is funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research and is carried out within the framework of the CNRS Research Federation on Ground Transports and Mobility, in articulation with the ELSAT2020 project supported by the European Community, the Hauts de France Regional Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of these institutions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Roothaer, X., Delille, R., Morvan, H., Markiewicz, E., Fontaine, C. (2020). A Comparison Between Bearing and Non-bearing Human Bone: Mechanical Testing and Micro-Architecture Assessment. In: Grady, M. (eds) Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30013-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30013-5_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30012-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30013-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)