Abstract
In this chapter, Ornette D. Clennon uncovers the invisibility of whiteness in urban popular music, especially in the UK export of Grime. Clennon also demonstrates how the focused use of Liberation Psychology and a creative application of Freirean critical pedagogy can enable the subject to treat their personal histories as sites of liberation once they understand how the popular culture they consume can act as tools of oppression.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Works Cited
Adorno, T. (1991). The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London: Routledge.
Ahmad, F. (2001). Modern Traditions? British Muslim Women and Academic Achievement. Gender and Education, 13(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250120051169.
Altman, N. (2006). Whiteness. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, LXXV(1), 45–72.
Andrews, K. (2013). Resisting Racism: Race, Inequality and the Black Supplementary School Movement. London: Institute of Education Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1972). For a Crtique of the Political Economy of the Sign. St. Louis, MO: Telos Press Ltd.
Baudrillard, J. (1981). Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University Michigan Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1985). The Ecstasy of Communication. In H. Foster (Ed.), The Anti-Aesthetic (J. Johnson, Trans., pp. 126–134). Port Townsend, WA: Bay Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1998 [1970]). The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. London: Sage.
Benjamin, W. (1999). The Arcades Project (R. Tiedemann, Ed., H. Eiland & K. McLaughlin, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bentham, J. (1787). Panopticon: Or the Inspection-House. Dublin: Thomas Byrne.
Beyoncé. (2016). On Lemonade. New York: B. Knowles.
Bolhuis, S., & Kluvers, C. (2000). Procesgericht onderwijs’/’Process-Directed Education. In B. M. Creemers (Ed.), Onderwijskundig lexicon, Editie 3: De context van het onderwijs [Educational Lexicon, Edition 3: The Context of Education] (pp. 87–110). Alphen aan de Rijn: Samson.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Butler, J. (1997). The Psychic Life of Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Clennon, O. D. (2013). How Effective Are Music Interventions in the Criminal Youth Justice Sector? Community Music Making and Its Potential for Community and Social Transformation: A Pilot Study. Journal of Music Technology Education, 6(1), 103–130.
Clennon, O. D. (2015a). Holdin’ On: A Case Study into Performing Masculinities at a Young Offenders’ Institution. In T. Afuape & G. Hughes (Eds.), Towards Emotional Well-Being Through Liberation Practices: A Dialogical Approach (pp. 51–63). London: Routledge.
Clennon, O. D. (2015b). Urban Dialectics, the Market and Youth Engagement: The ‘Black’ Face of Eurocentrism. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Clennon, O. D. (2016). The Black Face of Eurocentrism: Uncovering Globalisation. In O. D. Clennon (Ed.), International Perspectives of Multiculturalism: The Ethical Challenges (pp. 91–128). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Clennon, O. D., Bradley, E., Afuape, T., & Horgan, A. (2015). Keeping It Real”: Liberation Through Creativity and Resistance. In T. Afuape & G. Hughes (Eds.), Towards Emotional Well-Being Through Liberation Practices: A Dialogical Approach (pp. 103–113). London: Routledge.
Collins, P. H. (2006). New Commodities, New Consumers: Selling Blackness in a Global Marketplace. Ethnicities, 6(3), 297–317.
Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender & Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender and Society, 19(6), 829–859.
Coughlan, S. (2013, July 23). Black Teens More Likely Than Whites to Apply to University. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-23405792.
De Angelis, M. (2001, May). Global Capital, Abstract Labour, and the Fractal Panopticon. Retrieved August 4, 2015, from The Commoner; Number 1. http://www.commoner.org.uk/fractalpanopt.pdf.
Epps, G. (1970, November 19). Huey Newton Speaks at Boston College, Presents Theory of ‘Intercommunalism’. The Harvard Crimson.
Fanon, F. (1963 [1961]). The Wretched of the Earth (C. Farrington, Trans.). New York: Grove Press.
Fanon, F. (1986 [1952]). Black Skin, White Masks (C. L. Markmann, Trans.). London: Pluto Press.
Freire, P. (1973). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Seabury Press.
Garofalo, R. (1994). Culture Versus Commerce: The Marketing of Black Popular Music. Public Culture, 7(1), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7-1-275.
Garvey, M. (1938, July). The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers (R. A. Hill & B. Bair, Eds.). Black Man Magazine, 3(10), 7–11.
Glover, D., & Göransson, L. (2018). This Is America [Recorded by Childish Gambino]. New York: mcDJ RCA.
Graeber, D. (2006). Turning Modes of Production Inside Out: Or, Why Capitalism Is a Transformation of Slavery. Critique of Anthropology, 26(1), 61–85.
Gubar, S. (1997). Racechanges: White Skin, Black Face in American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hall, S. (1986). On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart Hall (L. Grossberg, Ed.). Journal of Communication Inquiry, 10(2), 45–60.
Hall, S. (1996). New Ethnicities. In D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 441–449). London: Routledge.
Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage.
Halsey, K., Ashworth, M., & Harland, J. (2002). Made for Prisoners: A Summary of NFER’s Evaluation of the Safe Ground Family Relationships and Parenting Programme. Slough, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research.
Hayek, F. (1976). The Market-Order or Catallaxy. In F. Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty (Vol. 2, pp. 107–132). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Routledge.
HMPYOI Werrington. (2007). Werrington Album. [mp3]. Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire: Make Some Noise. Available at http://youtu.be/EmZ57b8EI9Q and http://youtu.be/PI4fPL_69HE.
Hobson, J. M. (2012). The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hook, D. (2005). A Critical Psychology of the Postcolonial. Theory & Psychology, 15(4), 475–503.
Hooks, B. (2004). We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity. London and New York: Routledge.
Jackson, P. (1994). Black Male: Advertising and the Cultural Politics of Masculinity. Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 1(1), 49–59.
Jackson, C. (2011). Violence, Visual Culture, and the Black Male Body. New York and Oxford: Routledge.
Jones, O. (2011). Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class. London: Verso.
Krishnaswarmy, R. (2002). The Criticism of Culture and the Culture of Criticism at the Intersection of Postcolonialism and Globalisation Theory. Diacritics, 32(2), 106–126.
Kvifte, T. (2001). Hunting for the Gold at the End of the Rainbow: Identity and Global Romanticism on the Roots of Ethnic Music. Retrieved July 26, 2013, from Popular Musicology Online. http://www.popular-musicology-online.com/issues/04/kvifte.html.
Lacan, J. (1979 [1973]). The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis 1964–1965. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Lacan, J. (1998 [1975]). The Seminar of Jaques Lacan, Book XX: Encore, on Feminine Sexuality, the Limits of Love and Knowledge 1972–1973 (A. J. Miller, Ed., B. Fink, Trans.). New York: Norton.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (W. Cammack & P. Moore, Trans.). London: Verso.
Lewandowski, J. D. (2005). Street Culture: The Dialectic of Urbanism in Walter Benjamin’s Passagen-Werk. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 31(3), 293–308.
Lorde, A. (2015). The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House. In C. Moraga & G. Anzaldúa (Eds.), This Bridge Called My Back, Fourth Edition: Writings by Radical Women of Color (pp. 94–97). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Marley, B. (1980). Redemption Song [Recorded by T. Bob Marley]. On Uprising [CD]. Island/Tuff Gong.
Martin-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a Liberation Psychology. New York: Harvard University Press.
Marx, K. (1963). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon. New York: International Publishers.
Mignolo, W. (2002). The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference. South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(1), 57–96.
Mignolo, W. D., & Escobar, A. (Eds.). (2010). Globalization and the Decolonial Option. Oxford: Routledge.
Morrison, T. (1993). Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary. New York: Vintage.
Newton, C. (1994). Gender Theory and Prison Sociology: Using Theories of Masculinities to Interpret the Sociology of Prisons for Men. The Howard Journal, 33(3), 193–202.
Parmer, C. A. (1996). Rethinking American Slavery. In A. Jalloh & S. E. Maizlish (Eds.), The African Diaspora (pp. 73–99). Arlington: Texas A&M University Press.
Powell, E. (2007 [1968], November 6). The Rivers of Blood Speech. Retrieved July 23, 2013, from The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3643823/Enoch-Powells-Rivers-of-Blood-speech.html.
Remy, J. (1990). Patriarchy and Fratriarchy as Forms of Androcracy. In J. Hearn & D. Morgan (Eds.), Men, Masculinities and Social Theory (pp. 43–53). London: Unwin Hyman.
Rivera, E. T., Maldonado, J., & Alarcon, L. (2013). From Vygotsky to Martín Baró: Dealing with Language and Liberation During the Supervision Process. Universal Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 32–40.
Sadler, J. (2005). Border Fury: England and Scotland at War 1296–1568. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.
Segal, L. (1990). Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men. London: Virago.
Stratton, J. (2010). Chris Blackwell and “My Boy Lollipop”: Ska, Race, and British Popular Music. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 22(4), 436–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-1598.2010.01254.x.
The Avenues Youth Project. (2014). Welcome to Avenues Youth Project. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from The Avenues Youth Project. http://www.avenues.org.uk/.
Thrasher, S. W. (2016). Super Slaves: Breeding and Controlling the Modern Black American Male Through Sports. Radical History Review, 2016(125), 168–178.
Twain, M. (1884). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Penguin.
Wallerstein, I. (1997). Eurocentrism and Its Avatars: The Dilemmas of Social Science. New Left Review, 226, 93–107.
Wallerstein, I. (2003). Historical Capitalism with Capitalist Civilization (11th ed.). London and New York: Verso.
Youdell, D. (2003). Identity Traps or How Black Students Fail: The Interactions Between Biographical, Sub-cultural, and Learner Identities. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 24(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690301912.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clennon, O.D. (2018). Whiteness: The Relationship Between the Market and Blackness. In: Black Scholarly Activism between the Academy and Grassroots. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00837-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00837-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00836-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00837-6
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)