Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Partially Hydrogenated Fats in the US Diet and Their Role in Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Modern Dietary Fat Intakes in Disease Promotion

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Key Points

• To formulators, hydrogenated vegetable oils provide distinctive flavor, crispness, creaminess, plasticity, and oxidation stability. Refinement of the industrial technology of partial hydrogenation and appropriate food labeling may lead to a considerable decrease of human exposure to trans-fatty acids.

• Some authorities recommend a broad-based, dietary paradigmatic shift in the United States as a long-term, sustainable solution to the cascade of health problems caused by the consumption of trans-fatty acids in the American diet. Over 80% of coronary heart disease, 70% of stroke, and 90% of type 2 diabetes can be avoided by more healthy food choices that are in accord with elements of the Mediterranean diets.

Disclosures

Vijaya Juturu has no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose.

James Gormley has no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. Mr. Gormley is a pro bono board member of the Natural Health Research Institute (http://www.naturalhealthresearch.org) and president of Gormley NPI Consulting (gormleyconsulting.blogspot.com).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Normann W. In discussion: Allen RR (2007). Principles and catalysts for hydrogenation of fats and oils. JAOCS 1903; 55(11): 792–795.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allen RR Hydrogenation. Presented at the AOCS World Conference on Soya Processing, March 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Allen RR Principles and catalysts for hydrogenation of fats and oils. Presented at the AOCS World Conference on Soya Processing, September 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ascherio Al, Hennekens CH, Buring JE et al. Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994; 89: 94–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. American Heart Association. Know your fats. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=532. Accessed May 31, 2009. 2008.

  6. Almendingen K, Seljeflot I, Sandstad B, Pedersen JI. Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on hemostatic variables in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 375–380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pedersen JI, Muller H, Seljeflot I, Kirkhus B. Palm oil versus hydrogenated soybean oil: effects on serum lipids and plasma haemostatic variables. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005; 14(4): 348–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Vega-López S, Ausman LM, Jalbert SM et al. Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter liporotein profiles compared with soybean and canola oils in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84(1): 54–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sundram K, Karupalah T, Hayes KC. Stearic-acid-rich interesterified fat and trans-rich fat raise the LDl/HDL ratio and plasma glucose relative to palm olein in humans. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2007; 15(4): 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Müller H, Seljeflot I, Solvoll K, Pedersen JI. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil reduces postprandial t-PA activity compared with palm oil. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155(2): 467–476.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. US Food and Drug Administration. Food Labeling; Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling; Consumer Research to Consider Nutrient Content and Health Claims and Possible Footnote or Disclosure Statements; Final Rule and Proposed Rule [68 FR 41433 July 11, 2003]. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/LabelClaims/NutrientContentClaims/ucm110179.htm. Accessed May 31, 2009. 2003.

  12. US Food and Drug Administration. Talking about trans fat: What you need to know. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm079609.htm. Accessed May 31, 2009. May 2006.

  13. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL et al. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States. BMJ 1996; 313: 84–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P et al. Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men: the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 876–887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1491–1499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Meigs JB et al. Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. J Nutr 2005; 135: 562–566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Consumption of hydrogenated versus nonhydrogenated vegetable oils and risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome among Iranian adult women. Diabetes Care 2008; 31(2): 223–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Jalbert SM, Schaefer EJ. Effects of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(25): 1933–1940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Jalbert SM et al. Novel soybean oils with different fatty acid profiles alter cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84(3): 497–504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Duque-Guimaräes DE, de Castro J, Martinez-Botas J, Sardinha FLC et al. Early and prolonged intake of partially hydrogenated fat alters the expression of genes in rat adipose tissue. [Epub ahead of print (PMID: 19251397)]. 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Borzo G. Trans fatty acids linked to high blood pressure. Fam Pract News 2000; 30(20): 18.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mozaffarian D. Trans fatty acids—effects on systemic inflammation and endothelial function. Atheroscler Suppl 2006; 7(2): 29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jorge CE, Janet WR-E, Bernard RA, Walter WC. Dietary fatty acid intakes and the risk of ovulatory infertility. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(1): 231–237.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Emilio H, Maria Pilar R. Long-term effects of trans fatty acid intake during pregnancy and lactation: does it have deleterious consequences?. Fut Lipidol 2008; 3(5): 489–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Morrison JA, Glueck CJ, Wang P. Dietary trans fatty acid intake is associated with increased fetal loss. Fertil Steril 2008; 90(2): 385–390.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Anderson NK, Beerman KA, McGuire MA et al. Dietary fat type influences total milk fat content in lean women. J Nutr 2005; 135: 416–421.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL et al. Dietary fats and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2003; 60(2): 194–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Phivilay A, Julien C, Tremblay C et al. High dietary consumption of trans fatty acids decreases brain docosahexaenoic acid but does not alter amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 2009; 159(1): 296–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Thompson AK, Shaw DI, Minihane AM, Williams CM. Trans-fatty acids and cancer: the evidence reviewed. Nutr Res Rev 2008; 21(2): 174–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chajès VA, Thiébaut CM, Rotival M et al. Association between serum trans-monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in the E3N-EPIC Study. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167(11): 1312–1320.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu X, Schumacher FR, Plummer SJ et al. Trans-fatty acid intake and increased risk of advanced prostate cancer: modification by RNASEL R462Q variant. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28(6): 1232–1236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Risérus U, Arner P, Brismar K, Vessby B. Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 1516–1521.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nutrition Committee AHA. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Health Association. Circulation 2006; 114(1): 82–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Destaillats F, Moulin J, Bezelgues J-P. Healthy alternatives to trans fats [Letter to the editor]. Nutr Metab 2007; 4: 10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Friesen R, Innis SM. Trans fatty acids in human milk in Canada declined with the introduction of trans fat food labeling. J Nutr 2006; 136: 2558–2561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stender S, Dyerberg J. Influence of trans fatty acids on health. Nutr Metab 2004; 48(2): 61–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Monge-Rojas R, Campos H, Fernández Rojas X. Saturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids intake in rural and urban Costa Rican adolescents. J Am Coll Nutr 2005; 24(4): 286–293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Johansson L, Borgejordet A, Pedersen JI. Trans fatty acids in the Norwegian diet. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2006; 126(6): 760–763.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48(1): 44–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Koletzko B, Decsi T. Metabolic aspects of trans fatty acids. Clin Nutr 1997; 16(5): 229–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Willett WC. The Mediterranean diet: science and practice. Public Health Nutr 2006; 9(1A): 105–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. Ronald Watson for giving an opportunity to share the research on trans-fatty acids in health and disease.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gormley NPI Consulting, Riverdale, NY, 10463, USA

    James J. Gormley

  2. UnitedBio-Med Inc, 102 Hunters Run, DobbsFerry, NY, 10522, USA

    Vijaya Juturu

Authors
  1. James J. Gormley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vijaya Juturu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vijaya Juturu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Managing Director, DMF Ltd Company, Luxembourg Str 46, Marche/Famenne, 6900, Belgium

    Fabien De Meester

  2. Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of, Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724-5163, Arizona, USA

    Sherma Zibadi

  3. Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Room 4335, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gormley, J.J., Juturu, V. (2010). Partially Hydrogenated Fats in the US Diet and Their Role in Disease. In: De Meester, F., Zibadi, S., Watson, R. (eds) Modern Dietary Fat Intakes in Disease Promotion. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-571-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-571-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-570-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-571-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation