Skip to main content

Identification of SNPs, or Mutations in Sequence Chromatograms

  • Protocol
Genomics Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 439))

Abstract

With the completion of the human genome sequencing project in 2001, the identification of novel markers is rapidly gaining importance. It is increasingly recognized that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are good markers for disease susceptibility. SNPs are DNA sequence variations that occur when a single nucleotide in the genome sequence is altered in at least 1 % of the population. SNPs may have no effect on cell function, but scientists believe that they could predispose people to disease or influence their response to a drug.

This chapter describes the method of using fluorescent based sequencing to detect SNPs and mutations. Sequencing provides information on the type and location of the SNPs with high accuracy. Researchers will need to provide information on the area of the genome they wish to sequence to design primers to PCR amplify the specific region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. 1. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG et al (2001) The sequence of the human genome. Science 291:1304–1351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. 2. Hirschhorn JN, Lohmueller K, Byrne E, Hirschhorn K (2002) A comprehensive review of genetic association studies. Genet Med 4:45–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. 3.Tabor HK, Risch NJ, Myers RM (2002) Opinion: Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: practical considerations. Nat Rev Genet 3:391–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. 4. Kwok PY (2001) Methods for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. Ann Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2:235–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. 5. The International SNP Map Working Group (2001) A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature 409:928–933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. 6.Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N et al (1999) Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet 22:231–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. 7. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A (1999) Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet 22:239–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. 8. Shamsher MK, Chuzhanova NA, Friedman B, Scopes DA, Alhaq A, Millar DS, Cooper DN, Berg, LP (2000) Identification of an intronic regulatory element in the human protein C (PROC) gene. Hum Genet 107:458–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. 9. Drysdale CM, McGraw DW, Stack CB., Stephens JC, Judson, RS, Nandabalan K, Arnold K, Ruano G, Liggett SB. (2000) Complex promoter and coding region beta 2-adrenergic receptor haplotypes alter receptor expression and predict in vivo responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:10483–10488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. 10. Cooper DN (2002) Introns, exons and evolution. Human Gene Evolution 3:107–138

    Google Scholar 

  11. 11. Collins FS, Guyer MS, Chakravarti A (1997) Variations on a theme: Cataloguing human DNA sequence variation. Science 278:1580–1581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. 12. Lander ES (1996) The new genomics: Global views of biology. Science 274:536–539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. 13. Risch N, Merikangas K (1996) The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273:1516–1517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. 14. Kwok PY, Carlson C, Yager TD, Ankener W, Nickerson DA (1994) Comparative analysis of human DNA variations by fluorescence-based sequencing of PCR products. Genomics 23:138–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. 15. Powell BL, Haddad L, Bennett A, Gharani N, Sovio U, Groves CJ et al (2005) Analysis of multiple data sets reveals no association between the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat element and polycystic ovary syndrome or related traits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2988–2993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. 16. Draper N, Powell BL., Franks S, Conway GS, Stewart PM, McCarthy MI (2006) Variants implicated in cortisone reductase deficiency do not contribute to susceptibility to common forms of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65:64–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. 17. Speight G, Turic D, Austin J, Hoogendoorn B, Cardno AG, Jones L et al (2000) Comparative sequencing and association studies of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 5:327–331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. 18.Fakhrai-Rad H, Pourmand N, Ronaghi M (2002) Pyrosequencing: An accurate detection platform for single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum Mutat 19:479–485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. 19. Ye S, Dhillon S, Ke X, Collins AR, Day IN (2001) An efficient procedure for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e88–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. 20.Kuklin A, Munson K, Gjerde D, Haefele R, Taylor P (1998) Detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the WAVE DNA fragment analysis system. Genet Test 1:201–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. 21.O'Donovan MC, Oefner PJ, Roberts SC, Austin J, Hoogendoorn B, Guy C, Speight G et al (1998) Blind analysis of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography as a tool for mutation detection. Genomics 52:44–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. 22. Wang L, Luhm R, Lei M (2007) SNP and mutation analysis. Adv Exp Med Biol 593:105–116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. At www.appliedbiosystems.com

    Google Scholar 

  24. At http://www.technelysium.com.au/chromas_lite.html

  25. At http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST

  26. At http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html

  27. 27. Draper N, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Tomlinson JW, Chalder SM, Arlt W, Lavery GG et al (2003) Mutations in 11 β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehy-drogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency. Nat Genet 34:434–439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. At http://www.dnastar.com

  29. At http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html

  30. At http://www.roswellpark.org/Site/Research/Shared_Resources/Biopolymer_Resource/DNA_Sequencing/Sequencing_Basics

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Draper, N. (2008). Identification of SNPs, or Mutations in Sequence Chromatograms. In: Starkey, M., Elaswarapu, R. (eds) Genomics Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 439. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-188-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-188-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-871-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-188-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics