Abstract
Although the first recorded observation of Giardia trophozoites is generally attributed to Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1681, the description of cysts of these organisms, and their relation to the flagellated forms, was only made some two centuries later, by Grassi (1879, 1881, 1888) and Perroncito (1887). The actual process of Giardia excystation has apparently only been seen and described in this century.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armaghan, V., 1937, Biological studies on the Giardia of rats, Am. J. Hyg. 26:236–258.
Bergeim, O., Kleinberg, J., and Kirch, E. R., 1945, Oxidation—reduction potentials of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, J. Bacteriol. 49:453–458.
Bingham, A. K., 1979, Studies on the excystation of Giardia, M.S. thesis, Oregon Health Sciences University.
Bingham, A. K., and Meyer, E. A., 1979, Giardia excystation can be induced in vitro in acidic solutions, Nature (London) 277:301–302.
Bingham, A. K., Jarroll, E. L., Meyer, E. A., and Radulescu, S., 1979, Induction of Giardia excystation and the effect of temperature on cyst viability as compared by eosin-exclusion and in vitro excystation, in: Waterborne Transmission of Giardiasis (W. Jakubowski and J. C. Hoff, eds.), Environmental Protection Agency 600/9-79-001, pp. 217-229.
Calloway, D. H., 1968, Gas in the alimentary canal, in: Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 6, Vol. 5, pp. 2839–2859, American Physiological Society, Washington, D.C.
Deschiens, R., 1929, Chimisme gastrique et infections parasitaires du tube digestif, Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 43:1353–1369.
Filice, F. P., 1952, Studies on the cytology and life history of a Giardia from the laboratory rat, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 57:53–146.
Fortran, J. S., and Locklear, T. W., 1966, Ionic constituents and osmolality of gastric and small intestinal fluids after eating, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 11:503–521.
Grassi, B., 1879, Intorno a speciali corpuscoli (Psorospermi) dell’uomo, Rend. 1st. Lomb. (Milano) II(2):632.
Grassi, B., 1881, Intorno ad alcuni prostisti endoparassitici ed appartenenti alle classi del Flagellati, Lobosi, Sporozoi e Ciliati, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 24:135.
Grassi, B., 1888, Morfologia e sistematica di alcuni protozoi parassiti, Atti R. Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. (4 Ser.)IF, (1 Sem.) 5.
Hegner, R. W., 1925, Excystation in Giardia lamblia from man, Am. J. Hyg. 5:250–257.
Hegner, R., 1927a, Excystation and infection in the rat with Giardia lamblia from man, Am. J. Hyg. 7:433–447.
Hegner, R., 1927b, The viability of cysts of Giardia lamblia from man in the stomach of the rat, Am. J. Hyg. 7:782–785.
Hegner, R., 1927c, Excystation in vitro of human intestinal protozoa, Science 65:577–578.
Iwanczuk, I., 1965, Studies on the course of infection with Lamblia muris Bensen, 1908 in albino mice, Acta Parasitol. Pol. 13:227–258.
Jakubowski, W., and Hoff, J. C. (eds.), 1979, Waterborne Transmission of Giardiasis, Environmental Protection Agency 600/9-79-001.
Jarroll, E. L., Bingham, A. K., and Meyer, E. A., 1981, Effect of chlorine on Giardia lamblia cyst viability, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:483–487.
Lackie, A. M., 1975, The activation of infective stages of endoparasites of vertebrates, Biol. Rev. 50:285–323.
Lippy, E. C., 1981, Waterborne Giardiasis, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Lake Management and Restoration, Environmental Protection Agency 440/5-81-010, pp. 386-389.
Magee, D. F., 1962, Gastrointestinal Physiology, p. 117, Thomas, Springfield, Ill.
Meyer, E. A., 1976, Giardia lamblia: Isolation and axenic cultivation, Exp. Parasitol. 39:101–105.
Nemanic, P. C, Owen, R. L., Stevens, D. P., and Mueller, J. C, 1979, Ultrastructural observations on giardiasis in a mouse model. II. Endosymbiosis and organelle distribution in Giardia muris and Giardia lamblia, J. Infect. Dis. 140:222–228.
Perroncito, E., 1887, Incapsulamento del Megastoma intestinale, G. Accad. Med. Torino 35:349–351.
Prosser, C. L., and Brown, F. A., Jr., 1961, Comparative Animal Physiology, 2nd ed., p. 112, Saunders, Philadelphia.
Rice, E. W., and Schaefer, F. W., III, 1981a, Improved in vitro excystation procedure for Giardia lamblia cysts, J. Clin. Microbiol. 14:709–710.
Rice, E. W., and Schafer, F. W., III, 1981b, An improved in vitro excystation procedure for Giardia lamblia cysts, Program and Abstracts of the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Parasitology, Montreal, Abstract 150.
Roberts-Thomson, I. C, Stevens, D. P., Mahmoud, A. A. F., and Warren, K. S., 1976, Giardiasis in the mouse: An animal model, Gastroenterology 71:57–61.
Sauch, J. F., 1983, Improved primary isolation methods for Giardia cysts, 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, Abstract Q13.
Schaefer, F. W., III, Rice, E., and Hoff, J. C, 1980, In vitro excystation of Giardia muris cysts, 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Parasitologists, Berkeley, Abstract 90.
Simon, C. E., 1921, Giardia enterica, a parasitic intestinal flagellate of man, Am. J. Hyg. 1:440–491.
Visvesvara, G. S., 1980, Axenic growth of Giardia lamblia in Diamond’s TPS-1 medium, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74:213–215.
Wormsley, G. S., 1971, Reactions to acid in health and disease, Gut 12:67–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meyer, E.A., Schaefer, F.W. (1984). Models for Excystation. In: Erlandsen, S.L., Meyer, E.A. (eds) Giardia and Giardiasis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0594-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0594-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0596-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0594-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive