Abstract
The microvascular system has a key role in host defence and expression of the inflammatory process which is indispensible for the elimination of foreign and noxious agents. Regardless of the nature of the initiating stimulus, the sequence of microvascular events in early inflammation is with few exceptions characterized by the following partly overlapping reactions; (i) changes in arteriolar diameters and blood flow, (ii) increased venular permeability promoting macromolecular leakage and formation of tissue edema, and (iii) diapedesis and migration of leukocytes into the area of injury. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the waxing and waning of the inflammatory process, rather than being a static phenomenon, is the result of a continuous interplay between mediators, modulators, and feed back mechanisms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Badr, K.F., Serhan, C.N., and Nicolaou, K.C., 1987, The action of lipoxin A on glomerular microcirulatory dynamics in the rat. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 145:408–414.
Bisgaard, H., Kristensen, J. and Sondergaard, J, 1982, The effect of leukotriene C4 and D4 on cutaneous blood flow in humans. Prostaglandins 23: 797–801.
Björk, J., Hedqvist, P., and Arfors, K.-E., 1982a, Increase in vascular permeability induced by leukotriene B4 and the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Inflammation 6: 189–200.
Björk, J., Arfors, K-E., Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S.-E., and Lindgren, J.À., 1982b, Leukotriene B4 causes leukocyte migration in vivo. Microcirculation 2: 271–281.
Björk, J., Dahlén, S.-E., Hedqvist, P., and Arfors, K-E., 1983, Leukotrienes B4 and C4 have distinct microcirculatory actions in vivo, in:“Advances in Prostaglandin, Thromboxane and Leukotriene Research”, B. Samuels-son, R. Paoletti and P Ramwell, eds, Vol. 12, pp. 1–6, Raven Press, New York.
Björk, J., Smedegârd, G., Svensjö, E., and Arfors, K.-E., 1984, The use of the hamster cheek pouch for intravital microscopy studies of microvascular events. Prog.Appl.Microcirc 6: 41–53.
Bray, M.A., Cunningham, F.M., Ford-Hutchinson, A.W., and Smith, M.J.H., 1981, Leukotriene B4: a mediator of vascular permeability. Br.J.Pharmacol 72: 483–486.
Claesson, H.-E., 1982, Leukotrienes A4 and B4 stimulate the formation of cyclic AMP in human leukocytes. FEBS Lett 139: 305–308.
Dahlén, S.-E., Björk, J., Hedqvist, P., Arfors, K.-E., Hammarström, S., Lindgren, J.A., and Samuelsson, B., 1981, Leukotrienes promote plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules: In vivo effects with relevance to the acute inflammatory response. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 78: 3887–3891.
Dahlén, S.-E., Raud, J., Serhan, C.N., Björk, J., and Samuelsson, B., 1987, Biological activities of lipoxin A include lung strip contraction and dilatation of arterioles in vivo. Acta Physiol.Scand 130: 643–648.
Dahlén, S.-E., Franzén, L., Raud, J., Serhan, C.N., Westlund, P., Wikström, E., Björck, T., Matsuda, H., Webber, S.E., Veale, C.A., Puustinen, T., Haeggström, J., Nicolaou, K.C. and Samuelsson, B., 1988, Actions of lipoxin A4 and related compounds in smooth muscle preparations and on the microcirculation in vivo. In:“Lipoxins• Biosynthesis, Chemistry and Biological Activities”, P.Y.-K. Wong, C.N. Serhan, eds, pp. 107–130, Plenum Press, New York.
Dahlén, S.-E., Veale, C.A., Webber, S.E., Marron, B.E., Nicolaou, K.C., and Serhan, C.N., 1989, Pharmacodynamics of Lipoxin A4 in airway smooth muscle, Agents and Actions 26: 93–95.
Drazen, J.M., Austen, K.F., Lewis, R.A., Clark, D.A., Goto, G., Marfat, A., and Corey, E.J., 1980, Comparative airway and vascular activities of leukotrienes C-1 and D in vivo and in vitro Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77:4354–4358.
Ferreira, S.H., 1972, Prostaglandins, aspirin-like drugs and analgesia. Nature New Biol, 240: 200–203.
Ferreira, S.H., Nakamura, M., and de Abreu Castro, M.S., 1978, The hyperalgesic effects of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandins 16: 31–37.
Ford-Hutchinson, A.W., Bray, M.A., Doig, M.V., Shipley, M.E., and Smith, M.J.H., 1980, Leukotriene B, a potent chemokinetic and aggregating substance released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nature 286: 264–265.
Goetzl, E.J., and Pickett, W.C., 1980, The human PMN leukocyte chemotactic activity of complex hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). J.Immunol 125: 1789–1791.
Ham, E.A., Soderman, D.D., Zanetti, M.E., Dougherty, H.W., McCauley, E., and Kuehl, F.A., 1983, Inhibition by prostaglandins of leukotriene B4 release from activated neutrophils. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 80:43494353.
Hansson, A., Serhan, C.N. and Haeggström, J., 1986. Activation of protein kinase C by lipoxin A and other eicosanoids. Intracellular action of oxygenation products of arachidonic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 134:1215–1222.
Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S.-E., Gustafsson, L., Hammarström, S., and Samuels-son, B., 1980, Biological profile of leukotrienes C4 and D4. Acta Physiol.Scand 110: 331–333.
Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S.-E., and Palmertz, U., 1984, Leukotriene-dependent airway anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Prostaglandins 28: 605–608.
Hedqvist, P., Thureson-Klein, A., Öhlén, A., Raud, J., Lindbom, L., and Dahlén S.-E., 1987, Neuropeptides and arachidonic acid derivatives as messengers in microvascular function, in:“Neuronal Messengers in Vascular Function”, A. Nobin, C. Owman, B. Arneklo-Nobin, eds, pp. 435–446, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Hedqvist, P., Raud, J., Lindbom, L., Nicolaou, K.C., and Dahlén, S.-E., 1989, Lipoxin A4 inhibits plasma leakage induced by leukotriene B4 (submitted).
Higgs, G.A., Eakins, K.E., Mugridge, K.G., Moncada, S., and Vane, J.R., 1980, The effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on leukocyte migration in carrageenin-induced inflammation. Eur.J.Pharmacol 66: 81–86.
Hitchcock, M., 1978, Effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandins E2 and F2a on the immunologic release of mediators of inflammation from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther 207: 630–640.
Hua, X.-Y., Dahlén, S.-E., Hammarström, S., and Hedqvist, P., 1985, Leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 cause widespread and extensive plasma extravasation in the guinea pig. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch.Pharmacol 330: 136–141.
Joris, I., Majno, G., Corey, E.J., and Lewis, R.A., 1987, The mechanism of vascular leakage induced by leukotriene E4; Endothelial contraction. Am.J.Pathol 126: 19–24.
Lam, B.K., and Wong, P.Y.-K, 1988, Biosynthesis and biological activities of lipoxin A5 and B5 from eicosapentaenoic acid, in: “Lipoxins• Biosynthesis, Chemistry and Biological Activities”, P.Y.-K. Wong, C.N. Serhan, eds, pp. 51–60, Plenum Press, New York.
Lichtenstein, L.M., and Bourne, H.R., 1971, Inhibition of allergic histamine release by histamine and other agents which stimulate adenyl cyclase, in:“Biochemistry of Acute Allergic Reactions:Second International Symposium”, K.F. Austen, E.L. Becker, eds, pp. 161–174, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Lindbom, L., and Arfors, K.-E. 1984. The Tennuissimus Muscle Preparation as a Model for Intravital Microscopic Studies of Skeletal Muscle Circulatory Function. Prog.Appl.Microcirc 6: 32–40.
Lindbom, L., Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S.-E., Lindgren, J.-A., and Arfors, K.-E., 1982a, Leukotriene B4 induces extravasation and migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vivo. Acta Physiol.Scand 116: 105–108.
Loeffler, L.J., Lovenberg, W., and Sjoerdsma, A., 1971, Effects of dibutyryl3’,5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostaglandin E1 on compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Biochem.Pharmacol 20: 2287–2297.
Lundberg, C., and Gerdin, B., 1984, The inflammatory reaction in an experimental model of open wounds in the rat. The effect of arachidonic acid metabolites. Eur.J.Pharmacol 97: 229–238.
Lundberg, C., Gardinali, M., Marceau, F., and Hugh, T.E., 1988, Effects of anaphylotoxins on vascular tissue in vivo and in vitro, in: “Endothelial Cells”, U.S. Ryan, ed, Vol 2, pp. 243–257, CRC Press, Florida.
Malmsten, C.L., Palmblad, J., Udén, A.M., Rddmark, O., Engstedt, L., and Samuelsson, B., 1980, Leukotriene B4: A highly potent and stereospecific factor stimulating migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Acta Physiol.Scand, 110: 449–451.
Matsuda, H., Dahlén, S.-E., Haeggström, J., Nicolaou, K.C., and Hedqvist, P., 1989, Lipoxins A4 and B4 relax isolated arteries from guinea pig and man. (submitted).
Nicolaou, K.C., Veale, C.A., Webber, S.E., Katerinopoulus, H., 1985, Stereo-controlled Total Synthesis of Lipoxins A, J. Am.Chem.Soc 107:7515–7518.
Öhlén, A., Raud, J., Hedqvist, P., and Wiklund, P. 1988, Microvascular effects of endothelin in the rabbit tennuissimus muscle and hamster cheek pouch, Microvasc. Res in press.
Orange, R.P., and Austen, K.F., 1969, Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, Adv.Immunol 10: 105–144.
Palmblad, J., Gyllenhammar, H., and Ringertz, B., 1988, Effects of lipoxins A and B on functional responses of human granulocytes, in: “Lipoxins. Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Activities”, P.Y-K. Wong, C.N. Serhan, eds, pp. 137–145, Plenum Pressn, New York.
Peck, M.J., Piper, P.J., and Williams, T.J., 1981, The effect of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on the microvasculature of guinea pig skin. Prostaglandins 21: 315–321.
Ramstedt, U., Ng, J., and Wigzell, H., 1985, Action of novel eicosanoids lipoxin A and B on human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: Effects on intracellular cAMP and target cell binding. J.Immunol 135: 3434–3438.
Raud, J., 1989, Vasodilation and inhibition of mediator release as two distinct mechanisms for prostaglandin modulation of inflammation. (submitted).
Raud, J., Dahlén, S.-E., Sydbom, A., Lindbom, L., and Hedqvist, P., 1988, Enhancement of acute allergic inflammation by indomethacin is reversed by prostaglandin E2:Apparent correlation with in vivo modulation of mediator release. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85: 2315–2319.
Raud, J., Sydbom, A., Dahlén, S.-E. and Hedqvist, P., 1989a, Prostaglandin E2prevents diclofenac-induced enhancement of histamine release and inflammation evoked by in vivo challenge with compound 48/80 in the hamster cheek pouch. Agents and Actions, in press
Raud, J., Dahlén, S.-E., Sydbom, A., Lindbom, L. and Hedqvist, P., 1989b, Prostaglandin modulation of mast cell-dependent inflammation. Agents and Actions 26: 42–44.
Serhan, C.N., Radin, A., Smolen, J.E., Korchak, H., Samuelsson, B., and Weissmann, G., 1983, Leukotriene B4 is a complete secretagogue in human neutrophils. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun 107: 1006–1012.
Serhan, C.N., Hamberg, M., and Samuelsson, B., 1984, Novel series of biologically active compounds formed from arachidonic acid in human leukocytes. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81: 5335–5339.
Serhan, C.N., Nicolaou, K.C., Webber, S.E., Veale, C.A., Dahlén, S.-E., Puustinen, T., and Samuelsson, B., 1986, Lipoxin A: Stereochemistry and biosynthesis. J.Biol.Chem 261: 16340–16345.
Smedegdrd, G., Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S.-E., Revends, B, Hammarström, S., and Samuelsson, B., 1982, Leukotrienes C4 affects pulmonary and cardiovascular dynamics in monkey. Nature 295: 327–329.
Smith, M.J.H., Ford-Hutchinson, A.W., and Bray, M.A., 1980, Leukotriene B: a potent mediator of inflammation. J.Pharm.Pharmacol 32: 517–518.
Soter, N.A., Lewis, R.A., Corey, E.J., and Austen, K.F., 1983, Local effects of synthetic leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4,LTE4 and LTB4) in human skin. J.Invest.Dermatol 80: 115–119.
Spur, B.W., Jacques, C., Crea, A.E., and Lee, T.H., 1988, Lipoxins of the 5-series derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, in:“Lipoxins• Biosynthesis, Chemistry and Biological Actitivies”, P.Y.-K. Wong, C.N. Serhan eds, pp. 147–154, Plenum Press, New York.
Thureson-Klein, A., Hedqvist, P., and Lindbom, L., 1984a, Ultra-structure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in postcapillary venules after exposure to leukotriene B4 in vivo. Acta Physiol.Scand 122: 221–224.
Thureson-Klein, A., Hedqvist, P., and Lindbom, L., 1984b, Ultra-structural effects of LTB4 on leukocytes and blood vessels. Prostaglandins 28: 669–671.
Thureson-Klein, A., Hedqvist, P., and Lindbom, L., 1986, Leukocyte diapedesis and plasma extravasation after leukotriene B4: Lack of structural injury to the endothelium. Tissue Cell 18: 1–12.
Thureson-Klein, A., Hedqvist, P., Öhlén, A., Raud, J., and Lindbom, L., 1987, Leukotriene B4, platelet-activating factor and substance P as mediators of acute inflammation. Pathol.Immunopathol.Res, 6: 190–206.
Walker, J.L., 1973, The regulatory function of prostaglandins in the release of histamine and SRS-A from passively sensitized human lung tissue, in: “Advances in the Biosciences”, S. Bergström, S. Bernhard, eds, Vol. 9, pp. 235–240, Pergamon Press, New York.
Weissmann, G., Smolen, J.E., and Korchak, H., 1980, Prostaglandins and inflammation: Receptor/cyclase coupling as an explanation of why PGEs and PGI2 inhibit functions of inflammatory cells, in:“Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research”, B. Samuelsson, P.W. Ramwell, R. Paoletti, eds., Vol. 8, pp. 1637–1646, Raven Press, New York.
Wikström, E., Westlund, P., Nicolaou, K.C., and Dahlén, S.-E., 1989. Lipoxin A4 causes generation of thromboxane A2 in the guinea-pig lung, Agents and Actions 26: 90–92.
Williams, T.J., 1983, Interactions between prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other mediators of inflammation. Br.Med.Bull 39: 239–242.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, SE., Raud, J., Lindbom, L., Thuresson-Klein, Å., Nicolaou, K.C. (1989). Aspects of Eicosanoids in Inflammation. In: Samuelsson, B., Berti, F., Folco, G.C., Velo, G.P. (eds) Prostanoids and Drugs. NATO ASI Series, vol 177. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7938-6_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7938-6_19
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7940-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7938-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive