Abstract
The distinction between static and dynamic imagery is familiar to us all at the commonsense level in so far as we are able to imagine not only stationary objects but also action scenes in which objects are in motion or in the process of being rotated or otherwise transformed. This chapter examines the distinction and its implications at several levels. First, we review the general contrast between static and dynamic representations and processes, including imagery. Then we consider individual differences, including sex differences, on that dimension. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms and causal factors that could explain the phenomena associated with the distinction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ames, L. B., Metraux, R. W., and Walker, R. N. (1971). Adolescent Rorschach responses: Developmental trends from ten to sixteen years. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Ames, L. B., Metraux, R. W., Rodell, J. L., and Walker, R. N. (1973). Rorschach responses in old age. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Ames, L. B., Metraux, R. W., Rodell, J. L., and Walker, R. N. (1974). Child Rorschach responses: Developmental trends from two to ten years (2nd ed.). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Baenninger, M., and Newcombe, N. (1989). The role of experience in spatial test performance: A meta-analysis. Sex roles, 20, 327–344.
Berlyne, D. E. (1965). Structure and direction in thinking. New York: Wiley.
Betts, G. H. (1909). The distribution and functions of mental imagery. New York: Teacher’s College, Columbia University.
Cartwright, D. (1959). Lewinian theory as a contemporary systematic framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science (Vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Denis, M. (1985). Visual imagery and the use of mental practice in the development of motor skills. Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 10, 4 4S - 165.
Eaton, W. O., von Bargen, D., and Keats, J. G. (1981). Gender understanding and dimensions of preschooler toy choice: Sex stereotype versus activity level. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 13, 203–209.
Engelkamp, J. (1988). Images and actions in verbal learning. In M. Denis, J. Engelkamp, and J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.), Cognitive and neuropsychological approaches to mental imagery. Amsterdam, Martinus Nijhoff.
Eriksen, E. H. (1951). Sex differences in the play configurations of preadolescents. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 21, 667–692.
Exner, J. E., and Weiner, I. B. (1982). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system (Vol. 3 ) Assessment of children and adolescents. New York: Wiley.
Ford, M. (1946). The application of the Rorschach test to young children. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Franck, K., and Rosen, E. (1949). A projective test of masculinity-femininity. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 13, 247–256.
Georgopoulos, A. P., Lurito, J. T., Petrides, M., Schwartz, A. B., and Massey, J. T. (1989). Mental rotation of the neuronal population vector. Science, 243, 234–236.
Gold, J. M. (1987). The role of verbalization in the Rorschach response process: A review. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 489–505.
Gordon, R. (1949). An investigation into some of the factors that favour the formation of stereotyped images. British Journal of Psychology, 39, 156–167.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hall, C. R. (1985). The role of mental practice and imagery ability in motor skill performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 4 17S - 21S.
Hall, C. S., and Van de Castle, R. L. (1966). The content analysis of dreams. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.
Hampson, E., and Kimura, D. (1988). Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills. Behavioral Neuroscience, 102, 456–459.
Harshman, R. A., Hampson, E., and Berenbaum, S. A. (1983). Individual differences in cognitive abilities and brain organization, Part I: Sex and handedness differences in ability. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 144–192.
Harshman, R. A., and Paivio, A. (1987). “Paradoxical” sex differences in self-reported imagery. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 287–302.
Holtzman, W. H., Diaz-Guerrero, R., and Swartz, J. D. (1975). Personality development in two cultures: A cross-cultural longitudinal study of school children in Mexico and the United States. Austin: University of Texas Press.
James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology, New York: Holt. (Reprinted by Dover, 1950 ).
Johansonn, G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis. Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 202–211.
Krall, V., Sachs, H., Lazar, B., Rayson, B., Growe, G., Novar, L., and O’Connell, L. (1983). Rorschach norms for inner city children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 155–157.
Levitt, E. E., and Truumaa, A. (1972). The Rorschach technique with children and adolescents: Applications and norms. New York: Grune and Stratton.
Linn, M. C., and Peterson, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479–1498.
Lockwood, J. L., Roll, S., and Matthews, D. B. (1981). Two studies of the movement responses in young children: New and highly discrepent norms. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 250–255.
Maccoby, E. E., and Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
MacCorquodale, K., and Meehl, P. E. (1954). Edward C. Tolman. In W. K. Estes, S. Koch, K. MacCorquodale, P. E. Meehl, C. G. Mueller, W. N. Schoenfeld, and W. S. Verplanck (Eds.), Modern learning theory. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.
Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 17–24.
McKelvie, S. J. (1986). Effects of format of the vividness of visual imagery questionnaire on content validity, split-half reliability, and the role of memory in test-retest reliability. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 229–236.
Newcombe, N., Bandura, M. M., and Taylor, D. G. (1983).
Sex differences in spatial ability and spatial activities. Sex Roles,9, 377–386.
Nyborg, H. (1983). Spatial ability in men and women: review and new theory. Advances in Behavioral Research Therapy, 5, 89–140.
Olson, D. M., and Eliot, J. (1986). Relationships between experiences, processing style, and sex-related differences in performance on spatial tests. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62, 447–460.
Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. (Reprinted 1979, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ).
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations: A dual-coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paivio, A., Clark, J. M., Digdon, N., and Bons, T. (1989). Referential processing: Reciprocity and correlates of naming and imaging. Memory and Cognition, 17, 163–174.
Paivio, A., and Harshman, R. A. (1983).
Factor analysis of a questionnaire on imagery and verbal habits and skills. Canadian Journal of Psychology,37, 461–483.
Piaget, J., and Inhelder, B. (1966). L’image mentale chez l’enfant. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. (English translation published 1971 Mental imagery in the child: A study of the development of imaginal representations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
Poggio, T., and Koch, C. (198’7). Synapses that compute motion. Scientific American, 256, 46–52.
Price, B. (1988). Asymmetries in the perception of biological motion. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Price, B. M., and and Goodale, M. A. (1989). Asymmetries in the perception of bilological motion. Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Richardson, J. G., and Simpson, C. H. (1982). Children, gender, and social structure: An analysis of the content of letters to Santa Claus. Child Development, 53, 429–436.
Ross, H., and Taylor, H. (1989). Do boys prefer daddy or his physical style of play? Sex Roles, 20, 23–33.
Rubin, K. H. (1977). The social and cognitive value of preschool toys and activities. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 9, 382–385.
Saltz, E., and Nolan, S. D. (1981). Does motoric imagery facilitate memory for sentences? A selective interference test. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 322–332.
Sheehan, P. W. (1967). A shortened form of Betts’ questionnaire upon mental imagery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 386–389.
Signorella, M. L., Jamison, W., and Drupa, M. H. (1989). Predicting spatial performance from gender stereotyping in activity preferences and in self-concept. Developmental Psychology, 25, 89–95.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan.
Tolman, E. C. (1959). Principles of purposive behavior. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science. (Vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paivio, A., Clark, J.M. (1991). Static Versus Dynamic Imagery. In: Cornoldi, C., McDaniel, M.A. (eds) Imagery and Cognition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6407-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6407-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-6409-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-6407-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive