Abstract
Quinones and their precursors are widely distributed in nature, both as natural compounds and as environmental pollutants (Smith,1985). The toxicity and mutagenicity of quinones are believed to be due to their enzymatic one electron reduction by flavoenzymes to form semiquinones which can alkylates critical nucleophiles or generate superoxide anion radical through a redox cycling process (Thor et al., 1985; Chesis et al., 1984). DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2.) is a unique flavoprotein in that it catalyzes the obligatory two electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones via a pathway bypassing the formation of semiquinone; thus, playing a protective role against quinone toxicity (Ernster et al., 1986; Atallah et al., 1988).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Atallah, A.S., Landolph, J.R., Ernster, L. and Hochstein P. (1988). DT-diaphorase activity and the eytotoxicity of quinones in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 2451–2459.
Bayney, R.M. and Pickett, C.B. (1988). Rat liver NAD(P)H:quinone reductase: isolation of a quinone reductase structural gene and prediction of the NH2 terminal sequence of the protein by double-stranded sequencing of exons 1 and 2. Archs. Biochem. Biophys 260, 847.
Chesis, P.L., Levin, D.E., Smith, M.T., Ernster, L. and Ames, B.N. (1984). Mutagenicity of quinones: pathways of metabolic activation and detoxification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 81, 1696–1700.
Cohen, S.N., Chang, A.C.Y. and Hsu, L. (1972). Nonchromasomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: Genetic transformation of Eschetichia coli by R-facter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 69, 2110–2114.
Ernster, L., Estabrook, R.W., Hochstein, P. and Orrenius, S., eds. (1987). In, DTdiaphorase a quinone reductase with special functions in cell metabolism and detoxication. Chem. Scripta 27A.
Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of struatural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriaphage T4. Nature (London) 227, 680–685.
Mandel, M. and Higa, A. (1970). Calcium-depent bacteriophage DNA infection. J. Mol. Biol. 53, 159–162.
Prochaska, H.J. (1988). Purification and crystallization of rat liver NAD)P)H:(quinoneacceptor) oxidoreductase by cibacron blue affinity chromatography: identification of a new and potent inhibitor. Archs. Biochem. Biophys. 267, 529–538.
Robertson, J.A., Chen, H. and Nebert, D.W. (1986). NAD(P)H: Menadione oxidoreductase, novel purification of enzyme, cDNA and complete amino acid sequence, and gene regulation. J. Biot. Chem. 261, 15794–15799.
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A.R. (1977). DNA sequencing with chain- terminating inhibitors. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463–5467.
Smith, M.T. (1985). Quinones as mutagens, carcinogens and anticancer agents: introduction and overview. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 16, 665–672.
Thor, H., Smith, M.T., Hartzell, P., Bellomo, G., Jewell, S.A. and Orrenius, S. (1985). The metabolism of menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) by isolated hepatocytes: a study of the implications of oxidative stress in intact cells. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12419–12424.
Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979). Electrophoretic transfer of protein from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350–4354.
Wang, R.W., Pickett, C.B. and Lu, A.Y.H. (1989). Expression of a cDNA encoding a rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit in Escherichia coli. Archs. Biochem. Biophys. 269, 536–543.
Williams, J.B., Lu, A.Y.H., Cameron, R.G. and Pickitt, C.B. (1986). Rat liver NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, construction of a quinone reductase cDNA clone and regulation of quinone reductase mRNA by 3-methylcholanthrene and in persistent hepatocyte nodules induced by chemical carcinogens. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5524.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ma, Q., Wang, R., Lu, A.Y.H., Yang, C.S. (1991). Expression of a cDNA Encoding Rat Liver DT-Diaphorase in Escherichia Coli . In: Witmer, C.M., Snyder, R.R., Jollow, D.J., Kalf, G.F., Kocsis, J.J., Sipes, I.G. (eds) Biological Reactive Intermediates IV. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 283. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_40
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5879-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5877-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive