Abstract
Microscopy by reflected light may be used for a number of reasons: to look at a natural surface like that of a leaf, feather, skin, shell, or fossil; to compare surfaces after aging, usage, weathering, or other exposure; or to prepare an inside surface for studying an opaque substance such as bone, metal, coal, ore mineral, ceramics material, or pigmented plastic. A related thought is: How many layers are there in a seashell, tree’s growth, laminated paper, or board? What is the structure of a sponge, tree cone, botanical cane, zoological organ, fossil, rock, ore (Figure 4.1), brick, cement, or plastic filled with biological material (Figures 4.2–4.5)?(1–5) Indeed, the specimen may be a particulate material such as seeds, tiny insects, sand, rock dust (Figure 4.6(1)), or small crystals. Such specimens may be better embedded in a dark, pigmented resin for reflected light than in a clear, colorless resin for transmitted light.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References for Chapter 4
T. G. Rochow and R. L. Gilbert, Chapter 5, Resinography, in Protective and Decorative Coatings (J. J. Mattiello, ed.), Vol. 5, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016 (1946).
Metallography — A Practical Tool for Correlating the Structure and Property of Materials, ASTM Special Technical Publication 557, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 (1975).
J. H. Richardson, Optical Microscopy for the Materials Sciences, Marcel Dekker, New York, N. Y. 10016 (1971).
T. G. Rochow, Microscopy, in Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, Vol. 2, pp. 586–590, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016 (1966).
J. B. Nelson, Apparatus for the microscopical determination of ore minerals, American Laboratory, pp. 81–82, 84, 86, 88–91 (April 1975).
W. C. McCrone, Surface characterization by light microscopy, preprints of papers presented at the 171st meeting, ACS, Div. Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry 36, No. 1, p. 2, New York, N. Y. (April 5–9, 1976).
T. G. Rochow and E. G. Rochow, Resinography, Plenum Press, New York, N. Y. 10011 (1976).
D. W. Skalla and S. R. Mather, A non-destructive method of observing and recording wear characteristics of phonograph records, Inter/MICRO-75, Chicago, Ill., The Microscope 23, 55–60 (1975).
E. M. Slayter, Optical Methods in Biology, Wiley-Interscience, New York, N. Y. 10016 (1970).
V. P. Miniutti, Reflected-light and scanning electron microscopy of ultraviolet irradiated redwood surfaces, The Microscope 18, 61–72 (January 1970).
H. W. Zieler, The Optical Performance of the Light Microscope, Part 2, Microscope Publications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill. 60616 (1973).
F. G. Rowe and H. F. Nicolaysen, Reflected light microscopy of waxes on paper, International Microscopy Symposium (W. C. McCrone, ed.), McCrone Associates, Chicago, Ill. 60616 (1960).
E. M. Chamot and C. W. Mason, Handbook of Chemical Microscopy, Vol. 1: Physical Methods, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016 (1958).
R. B. McLaughlin, Accessories for the Light Microscope, Microscope Publications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill. 60616 (1975).
H. W. Zieler, The Optical Performance of the Light Microscope, Part 1, Microscope Publications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill. 60616 (1972).
ASTM designation E2, Micrographs of metals and alloys (including recommended practice for photography as applied to metallography), annual Index to ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
S. Leber, Light source for microscopy, American Laboratory, pp. 49, 50, 52 (April 1976).
E. N. Cameron, Ore Microscopy, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016 (1961).
ASTM designation E112, Estimating average grain size of metals, annual Index to ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
ASTM designation E384, Test for microhardness of materials, annual Index to ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
ASTM National Committee E-4 on Metallography, scope and organization, in annual ASTM Yearbook; standards, in annual Index to ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
L. D. Nichols, M. H. Mohamed, and T. G. Rochow, Some structural and physical properties of yarn made on the integrated composite spinning system, Part 1, Textile Research Journal 42, 338–344 (June 1972).
T. G. Rochow and E. G. Rochow, Microscopical Methods in Resinography, Microscope Publications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill. 60616 (in preparation).
ASTM designation E407, Microetchants for metals and alloys, annual Index to ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rochow, T.G., Rochow, E.G. (1978). Compound Microscopes Using Reflected Light. In: An Introduction to Microscopy by Means of Light, Electrons, X-Rays, or Ultrasound. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2454-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2454-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2456-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2454-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive