Skip to main content

Psychological Treatments

  • Chapter
Dementia
  • 424 Accesses

Abstract

The lack of any effective physical treatments for dementia combined with the large increase in the number of sufferers have added extra urgency to the search for effective psychological therapies. Such therapies have an essential part to play in relieving the distress experienced by sufferers and in alleviating the burden upon carers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alprin, S.I. (1980) Staff attitudes after validation, unpublished study, Cleveland State University, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baines, S., Saxby, P. and Ehlert, K. (1987) Reality orientation and reminiscence therapy: A controlled cross over study of elderly confused people. Br. J. Psychiatry, 151, 222–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bender, M.P., Cooper, A. and Howe, A. (1983) The utility of reminiscence groups in old people’s homes unpublished paper available from the London Borough of Newham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birchmore, T. and Clague, S. (1983) A behavioural approach to reduce shouting. Nurs. Times, 79 (16), 37–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bright, R. (1988) Music Therapy and the Dementias, Magna Music, St Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bright, R. (1992) Music therapy in the management of dementia. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 162–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, E.M., Kleban, M.H., Lawton, M.P. and Silverman, H.A. (1971) Excess disabilities of mentally impaired aged: impact of individualized treatment. Gerontologist, 11, 124–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, P., Degun, G. and Mather, M. (1975) Reality orientation, a therapy for psychogeriatric patients: a controlled study. Br. J. Psychiatry, 127, 42–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, W. (1991) Creative group work with confused elderly people: A development of sensory integration therapy. Br. J. Occup. Ther., 54, 187–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckholdt, D.R. and Gubrium, J.F. (1983) Therapeutic pretence in reality orientation. Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 16, 167–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnside, I.M. (1986) Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques, Jones & Bartlett, Monterey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnside, I.M. (1988) The therapeutic use of touch. In Nursing the Aged: A Self-Care Approach, 3rd edn (ed. I.M. Burnside ), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 503–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, M. (1982) Reality orientation for the elderly: a critique. J. Adv. Nurs., 7, 427–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R.N. (1963) The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26, 65–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chanfreau-Rona, D., Bellwood, S. and Wylie, B. (1984) Assessment of a behavioural programme to treat incontinent patients in psychogeriatric wards. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 23, 273–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chanfreau-Rona, D., Wylie, B. and Bellwood, S. (1986) Behaviour treatment of daytime incontinence in elderly male and female patients. Behay. Psychother., 14, 13–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, H., Kinderman, P.J., Sim, A. and Callaghan, W. (1988) Group reminiscing in an old people’s home. Nursing and the Aged. Psychologists Special Interest Group in the Elderly Newsletter, 29, 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R.W. and Plaska, T. (1975) Mowrer’s conditioning treatment for enuresis applied to geriatric residents of a nursing home. Behay. Ther., 6, 632–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J.B. (1984) Reminiscing: How it can help confused nursing home residents. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, February, 90–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, C. (1990) Validation therapy provides a more humane approach. Therapy Weekly, 16 (29), 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copley, J. (1987) Validation therapy aids patients with Alzheimer’s disease. O. T. Advance, 11 May, 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosin, L.Z., Mort, M., Post, F. et al. (1958) Experimental treatment of persistent senile confusion. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 4, 24–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diesfeldt, H.F.A. and Diesfeldt-Groenendijk, H. (1977) Improving cognitive performance in psychogeriatric patients: the influence of physical exercise. Age Ageing, 6, 58–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dietch, J.T., Hewett, L.J. and Jones, S. (1989) Adverse effects of reality orientation. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 37, 974–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Droes, R.M. (1991) In Beweging. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. (1950) Childhood and Society, Norton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feil, N. (1972) A new approach to group therapy. Unpublished paper presented to the Gerontological Society, annual meeting Puerto Rico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feil, N. (1982) V/F Validation: The Feil Method, Edward Feil Productions, Cleveland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feil N. (1985) Resolution: The final life task. J. Humanistic Psychol., 25, 91–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feil, N. (1992) Validation therapy with late-onset dementia populations. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 199–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folsom, J.C. (1967) Intensive hospital therapy of geriatric patients. Curr. Psychiatr. Ther., 7, 209–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folsom, J.C. (1968) Reality orientation therapy for the elderly mental patient. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 1, 291–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, G. and Bally, A. (1987) Plush animals — do they make a difference? Geriatr. Nurs., 7, 140–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1924) On psychotherapy. In Collected Papers Vol. 1, Hogarth, London, pp. 220–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland, J. (1985) A model for the understanding and behavioural management of excess noise making by old people in residential care. Paper presented at the 13th International Congress of Gerontology, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, G. (1988) The application and outcomes of a reminiscence package to elderly people in a group living unit. Nursing and the Aged. Psychologists Special Interest Group in the Elderly Newsletter, 29, 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilleard C.J., Mitchell, R.G. and Riordan, J. (1981) Ward orientation training with psychogeriatric patients. J. Adv. Nurs., 6, 95–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldwasser, A.N., Auerbach, S.M. and Harkins, S.W. (1987) Cognitive, affective and behavioural effects of reminiscence group therapy on demented elderly. Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 25, 209–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudie, F. and Stokes, G. (1989) Understanding confusion. Nurs. Times, 85 (39), 35–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J.G. (1984) The evaluation of reality orientation. In Psychological Approaches to the Care of the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and J. Hodge ), Croom Helm London, pp. 192–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J.G., Timbury, G.C., Smith, R. and Gardiner, M. (1983) Reality orientation with elderly patients in the community: an empirical evaluation. Age Ageing, 12, 38–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grosicki, J.P. (1968) Effect of operant conditioning on modification of incontinence in neuropsychiatric geriatric patients. Nurs. Res., 17, 304–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, W. (1983) A family-behavioural approach to the treatment of the cognitively impaired elderly. Gerontologist, 23, 18–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, I.G. (1986) Reality orientation in the care of elderly persons with dementia — three case studies. In Psychological Therapies for the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and M. Gilhooly ), Croom Helm, London, pp. 65–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, I.G. (1988) Individualised Reality Orientation: Creative Therapy with Confused Elderly People, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, I.G., McGuire, R.J. and Boyd, W.D. (1981) Reality orientation and dementia: a controlled trial of two approaches. Br. J. Psychiatry, 138, 10–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hausman, C. (1992) Dynamic psychotherapy with elderly demented patients. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 181–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Head, D.M., Portnoy, S. and Woods, R.T. (1990) The impact of reminiscence groups in two different settings. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 5, 295–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Help the Aged (1981) Recall — a handbook, Help the Aged Education Department, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennessey, M. (1986) Music therapy. In Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques (ed. I.M. Burnside ), Jones & Bartlett, Monterey, pp. 198–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, J. (1984) Towards a behavioural analysis of dementia. In Psychological Approaches to the Care of the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and J. Hodge ), Croom Helm, London, pp. 61–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, U.P. (ed.) (1990) Neuropsychology and Aging, Croom Helm, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, U.P. and Woods, R.T. (1982) Reality Orientation: Psychological Approaches to the ‘Confused’ Elderly, 1st edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, U.P. and Woods, R.T. (1988) Reality Orientation: Psychological Approaches to the ‘Confused’ Elderly, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden-Cosgrove, U.P. (1991) In touch with reality. Nursing the Elderly, September/October, 14–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, A.J.G. and Munro, S. (1987) The ex- perience of feeling real. Practice, 1, 241–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussian, R.A. (1980) Stimulus control in the modification of problematic behaviour in elderly institutionalised patients. Paper presented at Association for the Advancement of Behaviour Therapy Convention, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussian, R.A. (1981) Geriatric Psychology: A Behavioral Perspective, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacs, B. (1976) The preservation of continence. In Incontinence in the Elderly (ed. F.L. Willington ), Academic Press, London, 245–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C.H., McLaren, S.M. and McPherson, F.M. (1981) The comparative effectiveness of three versions of ‘classroom’ reality orientation. Age Ageing, 10, 33–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. (1989) Caregiving approaches to dementia. The British Holistic Medical Assoc. Newsletter, 22, 1, 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, R. (1990) Letter to the editor. Care of the Elderly, 2, 40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A.E. (1973) Issues of behaviour modification with mentally retarded persons. Am. J. Ment. Defic., 78, 134–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A.E. (1975) Behaviour Modification in Applied Settings, Homewood, Dorsey Press, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiernat, J.M. (1979) The use of life review activity with confused nursing home residents. Am. J. Occup. Ther., 33, 306–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuta, S.C. (1991) Clinically managing disruptive behaviour on the ward. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 17 (8), 4–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, K. (1982) Reminiscing psychotherapy with aging people. J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv., 20, 21–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, L.A. (1974) A sensory-integrative approach to schizophrenia. Am. J. Occup. Ther., 28, 529–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, M.R. (1980) Treatment of incontinence. Nurs. Times, 76, 1006–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, D. (1991) Personal therapies. In Psychiatry in the Elderly (eds R. Jacoby and C. Oppenheimer ), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 422–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, D.H. and Woods, R.T. (1986) Ward orientation training in dementia: a single case study. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 1, 145–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langland, R.M. and Panicucci, C.L. (1982) Effect of touch on communication with elderly confused clients. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 8, 152–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesser, J., Lazarus, L.W., Frankel, R. and Havasy, S. (1981) Reminiscence group therapy with psychotic geriatric inpatients. Gerontologist, 21, 291–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, C.A. (1982) Facilitating a better reality: a treatment approach for the confused and disoriented. In Mental Health Interventions for the Aging (ed. A.M. Horton ), Praeger, New York, pp. 85–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden, M.E. (1953) Group psychotherapy with institutionalised senile women: Study in gerontologic human relations. Int. J. Group Psychother., 3, 150–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden, M.E. (1954) The significance of dual leadership in gerontologic group psychotherapy: Studies in gerontologic human relations III. Int. J. Group Psychother., 4, 262–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden, M.E. (1955) Transference in gerontologic group psychotherapy: Studies in gerontologic human relations IV. Int. J. Group Psychother., 5, 61–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder, E., Harpaz, L. and Sarnberg, S. (1979) Therapeutic Dance/Movement, Human Science Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindesay, J., Briggs, K., Lawes, M. et al. (1991) The domus philosophy: A comparative evaluation of a new approach to residential care for the demented elderly. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 6, 727–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, L. (1977) Behavioural therapy: its application to reduce disruptive behaviours of the elderly in nursing homes. The Canadian Nurse, July, 26–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A.H. (1968) Towards a Psychology of Being, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayers, K. and Griffin, M. (1990) The play project: use of stimulus objects with Alzheimer’s disease. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 16, 32–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKiernan, F. and Yardley, G. (1991) Why bother? Can reminiscence group work be effective for elderly people with severe dementia? PSIGE Newsletter, 39, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merchant, M. and Saxby, P. (1981) Reality orientation — a way forward. Nurs. Times, 77, 1442–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miesen, B.M.L. (1992) Attachment theory and dementia. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 38–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B. (1984) Art therapy with the elderly and terminally ill. In Art as Therapy (ed. T. Dalley ), Tavistock, London, pp. 127–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, E. (1977) Abnormal Aging, Wiley, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, E. (1986) A music therapist’s perspective. In Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques (ed. I.M. Burnside ), Jones & Bartlett, Monterey, pp. 426–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, I. and Bleathman, C. (1988) Reality orientation: does it matter whether it’s Tuesday or Friday? Nurs. Times, 84 (6), 25–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morton, I. and Bleathman, C. (1991) The effectiveness of validation therapy in dementia — a pilot study. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 6, 32730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy, N. and Rosa, N. (1981) Reality orientation in a general hospital. Geriatr. Nurs., 2, 264–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newberry, S.R. (1985) The Kingsmead cats: pet therapy evaluated. Geriatr. Nurs., January, 5 (1), 7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norberg, A., Melin, E. and Asplund, K. (1986) Reactions to music, touch and object presentation in the final stage of dementia: an exploratory study. Int. J. Nurs. Studies, 23, 315–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, A. (1986) Reminiscence, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, A. and Abuel Eileh, M. (1982) Reminiscence groups. Nurs. Times, 78, 1368–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, R.L. (1982) Overcoming Deficits in Aging: a Behavioural Approach, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, R.L. and Jackson, G.M. (1980) Behaviour modification with the elderly. Prog. Behay. Modif., 9, 205–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, R.L., Dupree, L.W., Eberly, D.A. et al. (1982) Overcoming Deficits of Ageing: A Behavioural Approach, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Peoples, M. (1982) Validation therapy versus reality orientation as treatment for disoriented institutionalized elderly. Unpublished master’s thesis College of Nursing, University of Akron, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, D.P. and Liberman, R.P. (1974) Behaviour therapy of incontinence in demented inpatients. Gerontologist, 14, 488–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn, R. (1982) Applied behavioural analysis for disturbed elderly patients. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 8, 286–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, W. and Ivison, D. (1985) Use of environmental manipulation and classroom and modified reality orientation with institutionalised, confused elderly patients. Age Ageing, 14, 119–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinke, C.L., Williams, J.J., Lloyd, K.E. and Smith, W. (1978) The effects of prompting and reinforcement on self-bathing by elderly residents of a nursing home. Behay. Ther., 9, 873–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riordan, J. and Whitemore, R. (1990) Living with Dementia, Manchester University Press, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, D.P. (1986) Behaviour modification and the excess disabilities of the aged. Can. Pharmaceut. J., April, 119, 197–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanavio, E. (1981) Toilet retraining psychogeriatric residents. Behay. Modif., 5, 417–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnelle, J.F., Traughber, B., Morgan, D.B. et al. (1983) Management of geriatric incontinence in nursing homes. J. Appl. Behay. Anal., 16, 235–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. (1990) Feeling useful again. Nurs. Times, 86 (27), 48–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, R. and Ross, H. (1958) Social interaction on a geriatric ward. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 4, 128–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, G. (1986a) Shouting and Screaming, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, G. (1986b) Wandering, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, G. (1987a) Aggression, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, G. (1987b) Incontinence and Inappropriate Urination, Winslow Press, Bicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taulbee, L.R. and Folsom, J.C. (1966) Reality orientation for geriatric patients. Hosp. Community Psychiatry, 17, 133–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, S. and Brotchie, J. (1987) Reminiscence: a critical review of the empirical literature. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 26, 93–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Amelsvoort Jones, G.M.M. (1985) Validation therapy: a companion to reality orientation. The Canadian Nurse, 81, 20–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verwoerdt, A. (1981) Individual psychotherapy in senile dementia. In Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Dementia (eds N. Miller and G. Cohen ), Raven Press, New York, pp. 187–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald, J. (1983) Alzheimer’s disease and the role of art therapy in its treatment. Am. J. Art Ther., 22, 57–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wald, J. (1984) The graphic representation of regression in an Alzheimer’s disease patient. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 11, 165–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, S. (1983) Computer games for the frail elderly. Gerontologist, 23, 361–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1977) The Principles of Normalisation in Human Services, National Institute on Mental Retardation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1983) Social role valorization: a proposed new term for the principle of normalization. Ment. Retard., 21, 234–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, R.T. (1979) Reality orientation and staff attention: a controlled study. Br. J. Psychiatry, 134, 502–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, R.T. (1983) Specificity of learning in reality orientation sessions: a single-case study. Behay. Res. Ther., 21, 173–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, R.T. (1992) What can be learned from studies on reality orientation? In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 137–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, R.T. and Britton, P.G. (1985) Clinical Psychology with the Elderly, Croom Helm, Beckenham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, R.T., Portnoy, S., Head, D.M. and Jones, G.M.M. (1992) Reminiscence and life review with persons with dementia: which way forward? In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 137–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapelin, H., Wolfe, C.S. and Kleinplatz, F. (1981) Evaluation of a year long reality orientation program. J. Gerontol., 36, 70–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bleathman, C., Morton, I. (1994). Psychological Treatments. In: Burns, A., Levy, R. (eds) Dementia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6807-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6805-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics