Abstract
The lack of any effective physical treatments for dementia combined with the large increase in the number of sufferers have added extra urgency to the search for effective psychological therapies. Such therapies have an essential part to play in relieving the distress experienced by sufferers and in alleviating the burden upon carers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alprin, S.I. (1980) Staff attitudes after validation, unpublished study, Cleveland State University, Ohio.
Baines, S., Saxby, P. and Ehlert, K. (1987) Reality orientation and reminiscence therapy: A controlled cross over study of elderly confused people. Br. J. Psychiatry, 151, 222–31.
Bender, M.P., Cooper, A. and Howe, A. (1983) The utility of reminiscence groups in old people’s homes unpublished paper available from the London Borough of Newham.
Birchmore, T. and Clague, S. (1983) A behavioural approach to reduce shouting. Nurs. Times, 79 (16), 37–9.
Bright, R. (1988) Music Therapy and the Dementias, Magna Music, St Louis.
Bright, R. (1992) Music therapy in the management of dementia. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 162–80.
Brody, E.M., Kleban, M.H., Lawton, M.P. and Silverman, H.A. (1971) Excess disabilities of mentally impaired aged: impact of individualized treatment. Gerontologist, 11, 124–33.
Brook, P., Degun, G. and Mather, M. (1975) Reality orientation, a therapy for psychogeriatric patients: a controlled study. Br. J. Psychiatry, 127, 42–5.
Bryant, W. (1991) Creative group work with confused elderly people: A development of sensory integration therapy. Br. J. Occup. Ther., 54, 187–92.
Buckholdt, D.R. and Gubrium, J.F. (1983) Therapeutic pretence in reality orientation. Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 16, 167–81.
Burnside, I.M. (1986) Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques, Jones & Bartlett, Monterey.
Burnside, I.M. (1988) The therapeutic use of touch. In Nursing the Aged: A Self-Care Approach, 3rd edn (ed. I.M. Burnside ), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 503–18.
Burton, M. (1982) Reality orientation for the elderly: a critique. J. Adv. Nurs., 7, 427–33.
Butler, R.N. (1963) The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26, 65–76.
Chanfreau-Rona, D., Bellwood, S. and Wylie, B. (1984) Assessment of a behavioural programme to treat incontinent patients in psychogeriatric wards. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 23, 273–9.
Chanfreau-Rona, D., Wylie, B. and Bellwood, S. (1986) Behaviour treatment of daytime incontinence in elderly male and female patients. Behay. Psychother., 14, 13–20.
Clarke, H., Kinderman, P.J., Sim, A. and Callaghan, W. (1988) Group reminiscing in an old people’s home. Nursing and the Aged. Psychologists Special Interest Group in the Elderly Newsletter, 29, 17–21.
Collins, R.W. and Plaska, T. (1975) Mowrer’s conditioning treatment for enuresis applied to geriatric residents of a nursing home. Behay. Ther., 6, 632–8.
Cook, J.B. (1984) Reminiscing: How it can help confused nursing home residents. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, February, 90–3.
Cooke, C. (1990) Validation therapy provides a more humane approach. Therapy Weekly, 16 (29), 8.
Copley, J. (1987) Validation therapy aids patients with Alzheimer’s disease. O. T. Advance, 11 May, 3–5.
Cosin, L.Z., Mort, M., Post, F. et al. (1958) Experimental treatment of persistent senile confusion. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 4, 24–42.
Diesfeldt, H.F.A. and Diesfeldt-Groenendijk, H. (1977) Improving cognitive performance in psychogeriatric patients: the influence of physical exercise. Age Ageing, 6, 58–64.
Dietch, J.T., Hewett, L.J. and Jones, S. (1989) Adverse effects of reality orientation. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 37, 974–6.
Droes, R.M. (1991) In Beweging. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University.
Erikson, E. (1950) Childhood and Society, Norton, New York.
Feil, N. (1972) A new approach to group therapy. Unpublished paper presented to the Gerontological Society, annual meeting Puerto Rico.
Feil, N. (1982) V/F Validation: The Feil Method, Edward Feil Productions, Cleveland.
Feil N. (1985) Resolution: The final life task. J. Humanistic Psychol., 25, 91–105.
Feil, N. (1992) Validation therapy with late-onset dementia populations. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 199–218.
Folsom, J.C. (1967) Intensive hospital therapy of geriatric patients. Curr. Psychiatr. Ther., 7, 209–15.
Folsom, J.C. (1968) Reality orientation therapy for the elderly mental patient. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 1, 291–307.
Francis, G. and Bally, A. (1987) Plush animals — do they make a difference? Geriatr. Nurs., 7, 140–2.
Freud, S. (1924) On psychotherapy. In Collected Papers Vol. 1, Hogarth, London, pp. 220–48.
Garland, J. (1985) A model for the understanding and behavioural management of excess noise making by old people in residential care. Paper presented at the 13th International Congress of Gerontology, New York.
Garrod, G. (1988) The application and outcomes of a reminiscence package to elderly people in a group living unit. Nursing and the Aged. Psychologists Special Interest Group in the Elderly Newsletter, 29, 3–8.
Gilleard C.J., Mitchell, R.G. and Riordan, J. (1981) Ward orientation training with psychogeriatric patients. J. Adv. Nurs., 6, 95–8.
Goldwasser, A.N., Auerbach, S.M. and Harkins, S.W. (1987) Cognitive, affective and behavioural effects of reminiscence group therapy on demented elderly. Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 25, 209–22.
Goudie, F. and Stokes, G. (1989) Understanding confusion. Nurs. Times, 85 (39), 35–7.
Greene, J.G. (1984) The evaluation of reality orientation. In Psychological Approaches to the Care of the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and J. Hodge ), Croom Helm London, pp. 192–212.
Greene, J.G., Timbury, G.C., Smith, R. and Gardiner, M. (1983) Reality orientation with elderly patients in the community: an empirical evaluation. Age Ageing, 12, 38–43.
Grosicki, J.P. (1968) Effect of operant conditioning on modification of incontinence in neuropsychiatric geriatric patients. Nurs. Res., 17, 304–11.
Haley, W. (1983) A family-behavioural approach to the treatment of the cognitively impaired elderly. Gerontologist, 23, 18–20.
Hanley, I.G. (1986) Reality orientation in the care of elderly persons with dementia — three case studies. In Psychological Therapies for the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and M. Gilhooly ), Croom Helm, London, pp. 65–79.
Hanley, I.G. (1988) Individualised Reality Orientation: Creative Therapy with Confused Elderly People, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Hanley, I.G., McGuire, R.J. and Boyd, W.D. (1981) Reality orientation and dementia: a controlled trial of two approaches. Br. J. Psychiatry, 138, 10–14.
Hausman, C. (1992) Dynamic psychotherapy with elderly demented patients. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 181–98.
Head, D.M., Portnoy, S. and Woods, R.T. (1990) The impact of reminiscence groups in two different settings. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 5, 295–302.
Help the Aged (1981) Recall — a handbook, Help the Aged Education Department, London.
Hennessey, M. (1986) Music therapy. In Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques (ed. I.M. Burnside ), Jones & Bartlett, Monterey, pp. 198–210.
Hodge, J. (1984) Towards a behavioural analysis of dementia. In Psychological Approaches to the Care of the Elderly (eds I.G. Hanley and J. Hodge ), Croom Helm, London, pp. 61–87.
Holden, U.P. (ed.) (1990) Neuropsychology and Aging, Croom Helm, London.
Holden, U.P. and Woods, R.T. (1982) Reality Orientation: Psychological Approaches to the ‘Confused’ Elderly, 1st edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Holden, U.P. and Woods, R.T. (1988) Reality Orientation: Psychological Approaches to the ‘Confused’ Elderly, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Holden-Cosgrove, U.P. (1991) In touch with reality. Nursing the Elderly, September/October, 14–16.
Hunter, A.J.G. and Munro, S. (1987) The ex- perience of feeling real. Practice, 1, 241–50.
Hussian, R.A. (1980) Stimulus control in the modification of problematic behaviour in elderly institutionalised patients. Paper presented at Association for the Advancement of Behaviour Therapy Convention, New York.
Hussian, R.A. (1981) Geriatric Psychology: A Behavioral Perspective, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Isaacs, B. (1976) The preservation of continence. In Incontinence in the Elderly (ed. F.L. Willington ), Academic Press, London, 245–51.
Johnson, C.H., McLaren, S.M. and McPherson, F.M. (1981) The comparative effectiveness of three versions of ‘classroom’ reality orientation. Age Ageing, 10, 33–5.
Jones, G. (1989) Caregiving approaches to dementia. The British Holistic Medical Assoc. Newsletter, 22, 1, 6–8.
Jordan, R. (1990) Letter to the editor. Care of the Elderly, 2, 40.
Kazdin, A.E. (1973) Issues of behaviour modification with mentally retarded persons. Am. J. Ment. Defic., 78, 134–40.
Kazdin, A.E. (1975) Behaviour Modification in Applied Settings, Homewood, Dorsey Press, Illinois.
Kiernat, J.M. (1979) The use of life review activity with confused nursing home residents. Am. J. Occup. Ther., 33, 306–10.
Kikuta, S.C. (1991) Clinically managing disruptive behaviour on the ward. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 17 (8), 4–7.
King, K. (1982) Reminiscing psychotherapy with aging people. J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv., 20, 21–5.
King, L.A. (1974) A sensory-integrative approach to schizophrenia. Am. J. Occup. Ther., 28, 529–36.
King, M.R. (1980) Treatment of incontinence. Nurs. Times, 76, 1006–10.
Lahav, D. (1991) Personal therapies. In Psychiatry in the Elderly (eds R. Jacoby and C. Oppenheimer ), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 422–36.
Lam, D.H. and Woods, R.T. (1986) Ward orientation training in dementia: a single case study. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 1, 145–7.
Langland, R.M. and Panicucci, C.L. (1982) Effect of touch on communication with elderly confused clients. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 8, 152–5.
Lesser, J., Lazarus, L.W., Frankel, R. and Havasy, S. (1981) Reminiscence group therapy with psychotic geriatric inpatients. Gerontologist, 21, 291–6.
Lewis, C.A. (1982) Facilitating a better reality: a treatment approach for the confused and disoriented. In Mental Health Interventions for the Aging (ed. A.M. Horton ), Praeger, New York, pp. 85–111.
Linden, M.E. (1953) Group psychotherapy with institutionalised senile women: Study in gerontologic human relations. Int. J. Group Psychother., 3, 150–70.
Linden, M.E. (1954) The significance of dual leadership in gerontologic group psychotherapy: Studies in gerontologic human relations III. Int. J. Group Psychother., 4, 262–73.
Linden, M.E. (1955) Transference in gerontologic group psychotherapy: Studies in gerontologic human relations IV. Int. J. Group Psychother., 5, 61–79.
Linder, E., Harpaz, L. and Sarnberg, S. (1979) Therapeutic Dance/Movement, Human Science Press, New York.
Lindesay, J., Briggs, K., Lawes, M. et al. (1991) The domus philosophy: A comparative evaluation of a new approach to residential care for the demented elderly. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 6, 727–36.
MacDonald, L. (1977) Behavioural therapy: its application to reduce disruptive behaviours of the elderly in nursing homes. The Canadian Nurse, July, 26–9.
Maslow, A.H. (1968) Towards a Psychology of Being, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Mayers, K. and Griffin, M. (1990) The play project: use of stimulus objects with Alzheimer’s disease. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 16, 32–7.
McKiernan, F. and Yardley, G. (1991) Why bother? Can reminiscence group work be effective for elderly people with severe dementia? PSIGE Newsletter, 39, 14–17.
Merchant, M. and Saxby, P. (1981) Reality orientation — a way forward. Nurs. Times, 77, 1442–5.
Miesen, B.M.L. (1992) Attachment theory and dementia. In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 38–56.
Miller, B. (1984) Art therapy with the elderly and terminally ill. In Art as Therapy (ed. T. Dalley ), Tavistock, London, pp. 127–39.
Miller, E. (1977) Abnormal Aging, Wiley, Chichester.
Moore, E. (1986) A music therapist’s perspective. In Working with the Elderly: Group Process and Techniques (ed. I.M. Burnside ), Jones & Bartlett, Monterey, pp. 426–40.
Morton, I. and Bleathman, C. (1988) Reality orientation: does it matter whether it’s Tuesday or Friday? Nurs. Times, 84 (6), 25–7.
Morton, I. and Bleathman, C. (1991) The effectiveness of validation therapy in dementia — a pilot study. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 6, 32730.
Mulcahy, N. and Rosa, N. (1981) Reality orientation in a general hospital. Geriatr. Nurs., 2, 264–8.
Newberry, S.R. (1985) The Kingsmead cats: pet therapy evaluated. Geriatr. Nurs., January, 5 (1), 7–9.
Norberg, A., Melin, E. and Asplund, K. (1986) Reactions to music, touch and object presentation in the final stage of dementia: an exploratory study. Int. J. Nurs. Studies, 23, 315–23.
Norris, A. (1986) Reminiscence, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Norris, A. and Abuel Eileh, M. (1982) Reminiscence groups. Nurs. Times, 78, 1368–9.
Patterson, R.L. (1982) Overcoming Deficits in Aging: a Behavioural Approach, Plenum Press, New York.
Patterson, R.L. and Jackson, G.M. (1980) Behaviour modification with the elderly. Prog. Behay. Modif., 9, 205–39.
Patterson, R.L., Dupree, L.W., Eberly, D.A. et al. (1982) Overcoming Deficits of Ageing: A Behavioural Approach, Plenum Press, New York.
Peoples, M. (1982) Validation therapy versus reality orientation as treatment for disoriented institutionalized elderly. Unpublished master’s thesis College of Nursing, University of Akron, Ohio.
Pollock, D.P. and Liberman, R.P. (1974) Behaviour therapy of incontinence in demented inpatients. Gerontologist, 14, 488–91.
Prehn, R. (1982) Applied behavioural analysis for disturbed elderly patients. J. Gerontol. Nurs., 8, 286–8.
Reeve, W. and Ivison, D. (1985) Use of environmental manipulation and classroom and modified reality orientation with institutionalised, confused elderly patients. Age Ageing, 14, 119–21.
Rinke, C.L., Williams, J.J., Lloyd, K.E. and Smith, W. (1978) The effects of prompting and reinforcement on self-bathing by elderly residents of a nursing home. Behay. Ther., 9, 873–81.
Riordan, J. and Whitemore, R. (1990) Living with Dementia, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Ryan, D.P. (1986) Behaviour modification and the excess disabilities of the aged. Can. Pharmaceut. J., April, 119, 197–200.
Sanavio, E. (1981) Toilet retraining psychogeriatric residents. Behay. Modif., 5, 417–27.
Schnelle, J.F., Traughber, B., Morgan, D.B. et al. (1983) Management of geriatric incontinence in nursing homes. J. Appl. Behay. Anal., 16, 235–41.
Smith, J. (1990) Feeling useful again. Nurs. Times, 86 (27), 48–50.
Sommer, R. and Ross, H. (1958) Social interaction on a geriatric ward. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 4, 128–33.
Stokes, G. (1986a) Shouting and Screaming, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Stokes, G. (1986b) Wandering, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Stokes, G. (1987a) Aggression, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Stokes, G. (1987b) Incontinence and Inappropriate Urination, Winslow Press, Bicester.
Taulbee, L.R. and Folsom, J.C. (1966) Reality orientation for geriatric patients. Hosp. Community Psychiatry, 17, 133–5.
Thornton, S. and Brotchie, J. (1987) Reminiscence: a critical review of the empirical literature. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 26, 93–111.
Van Amelsvoort Jones, G.M.M. (1985) Validation therapy: a companion to reality orientation. The Canadian Nurse, 81, 20–3.
Verwoerdt, A. (1981) Individual psychotherapy in senile dementia. In Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Dementia (eds N. Miller and G. Cohen ), Raven Press, New York, pp. 187–208.
Wald, J. (1983) Alzheimer’s disease and the role of art therapy in its treatment. Am. J. Art Ther., 22, 57–64.
Wald, J. (1984) The graphic representation of regression in an Alzheimer’s disease patient. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 11, 165–75.
Weisman, S. (1983) Computer games for the frail elderly. Gerontologist, 23, 361–3.
Wolfensberger, W. (1977) The Principles of Normalisation in Human Services, National Institute on Mental Retardation, Toronto.
Wolfensberger, W. (1983) Social role valorization: a proposed new term for the principle of normalization. Ment. Retard., 21, 234–9.
Woods, R.T. (1979) Reality orientation and staff attention: a controlled study. Br. J. Psychiatry, 134, 502–7.
Woods, R.T. (1983) Specificity of learning in reality orientation sessions: a single-case study. Behay. Res. Ther., 21, 173–5.
Woods, R.T. (1992) What can be learned from studies on reality orientation? In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 137–61.
Woods, R.T. and Britton, P.G. (1985) Clinical Psychology with the Elderly, Croom Helm, Beckenham.
Woods, R.T., Portnoy, S., Head, D.M. and Jones, G.M.M. (1992) Reminiscence and life review with persons with dementia: which way forward? In Care-Giving in Dementia (eds G.M.M. Jones and B.M.L. Miesen ), Routledge, London, pp. 137–61.
Zapelin, H., Wolfe, C.S. and Kleinplatz, F. (1981) Evaluation of a year long reality orientation program. J. Gerontol., 36, 70–7.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bleathman, C., Morton, I. (1994). Psychological Treatments. In: Burns, A., Levy, R. (eds) Dementia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6807-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6805-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive