Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Local Drug Delivery to the Oral Cavity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Focal Controlled Drug Delivery

Part of the book series: Advances in Delivery Science and Technology ((ADST))

  • 2926 Accesses

Abstract

The main pathogen in the oral cavity is of bacteriological origin; virus and fungal infection also account for oral malady as primary or secondary site. Thus, drug delivery to the oral cavity should be diversified, as the pathogens and pathogenicity have many faces and modes of action. In this chapter, various pathogens and numerous drug delivery systems are presented, and a growing trend in drug delivery to the oral cavity has been emphasized. Oral manifestations of systemic viral disease are common and represent an everlasting challenge to physicians. Fungal infections are also found in the oral cavity, usually as opportunistic infections secondary to a debilitating systemic condition. The harsh conditions of the oral environment are often a cause for micro- or macro-trauma to the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity and present a challenge to drug treatment. If the drug is designated to act locally in the oral cavity and to remain in the site for a measured period of time, the dynamic conditions in the mouth such as changing pH levels, masticatory abrasion, slippery mucosa, and smooth teeth surfaces must all be taken into consideration for adhering a delivering tool. Polymers are one answer to the harsh demands of the oral cavity, as they can supply both a delivery tool and sustained-release apparatus, for example, use of polymeric microspheres; in general, microspheres have the potential to be used for targeted and controlled-release drug delivery. However, coupling of mucoadhesive properties to microspheres has additional advantages like more intimate contact with the mucus layer, efficient absorption, and enhanced bioavailability of the drugs due to a high surface-to-volume ratio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Takahashi N (2005) Microbial ecosystem in the oral cavity: metabolic diversity in an ecological niche and its relationship with oral diseases. Int Congr Ser 1284:103–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sudhakar Y, Kuotsu K, Bandyopadhyay AK (2006) Buccal bioadhesive drug delivery–a promising option for orally less efficient drugs. J Control Release 114(1):15–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hearnden V, Sankar V, Hull K, Juras DV, Greenberg M, Kerr AR, Lockhart PB, Patton LL, Porter S, Thornhill MH (2012) New developments and opportunities in oral mucosal drug delivery for local and systemic disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64(1):16–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dixit RP, Puthli SP (2009) Oral strip technology: overview and future potential. J Control Release 139(2):94–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Roy S, Prabhakar B (2010) Bioadhesive polymeric platforms for transmucosal drug delivery systems—a review. Trop J Pharm Res 9(1):91–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Heasman PA, Heasman L, Stacey F, McCracken GI (2001) Local delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate (PerioChip) in periodontal maintenance patients. J Clin Periodontol 28(1):90–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Soskolne WA, Chajek T, Flashner M, Landau I, Stabholtz A, Kolatch B, Lerner EI (1998) An in vivo study of the chlorhexidine release profile of the PerioChip in the gingival crevicular fluid, plasma and urine. J Clin Periodontol 25(12):1017–1021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Stabholz A, Shapira L, Mahler D, Gellman Y, Ramon T, Dolev E, Schwartz M, Berger L, Proskin HM, Finkelman RD, Flashner M, Kolatch B, Soskolne A (2000) Using the PerioChip in treating adult periodontitis: an interim report. Compend Contin Educ Dent 21(4):325–328, 330, 332 passim; quiz 338

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dreizen S, Keating MJ, Beran M (1992) Orofacial fungal infections. Nine pathogens that may invade during chemotherapy. Postgrad Med 91(5):349–350, 353–344, 357–360 passim

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kovacs SO, Hruza LL (1995) Superficial fungal infections. Getting rid of lesions that don’t want to go away. Postgrad Med 98(6):61–62, 68–69, 73–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Carpenter W, Schiff T, Fat D (1997) Adherence of two film-forming medications to the oral mucosa. Gen Dent 45(5):478–480

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Redding SW, Haveman CW (1999) Treating the discomfort of oral ulceration resulting from cancer chemotherapy. Compend Contin Educ Dent 20(4):389–392, 394, 396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lindquist B, Gisselsson H, Wennerholm K (2010) Effect of chlorhexidine gel on approximal caries increment in adolescents with high caries risk using professional flossing compared to individual trays. Swed Dent J 34(1):17–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Unsal E, Akkaya M, Walsh TF (1994) Influence of a single application of subgingival chlorhexidine gel or tetracycline paste on the clinical parameters of adult periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 21(5):351–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wallman C, Birkhed D (2002) Effect of chlorhexidine varnish and gel on mutans streptococci in margins of restorations in adults. Caries Res 36(5):360–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bonito AJ, Lux L, Lohr KN (2005) Impact of local adjuncts to scaling and root planing in periodontal disease therapy: a systematic review. J Periodontol 76(8):1227–1236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Eberhard J, Jepsen S, Jervoe-Storm PM, Needleman I, Worthington HV (2008) Full-mouth disinfection for the treatment of adult chronic periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD004622

    Google Scholar 

  18. Herrera D, Sanz M, Jepsen S, Needleman I, Roldan S (2002) A systematic review on the effect of systemic antimicrobials as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 29(Suppl 3):136–159, discussion 160-132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Jeffcoat MK, Bray KS, Ciancio SG, Dentino AR, Fine DH, Gordon JM, Gunsolley JC, Killoy WJ, Lowenguth RA, Magnusson NI, Offenbacher S, Palcanis KG, Proskin HM, Finkelman RD, Flashner M (1998) Adjunctive use of a subgingival controlled-release chlorhexidine chip reduces probing depth and improves attachment level compared with scaling and root planing alone. J Periodontol 69(9):989–997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Vivien-Castioni N, Gurny R (2000) Local delivery of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50(1):83–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Baer PN (1995) Actisite (tetracycline hydrochloride periodontal fiber) not a product for the pediatric dentist. J Clin Pediatr Dent 19(2):147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Litch JM, Encarnacion M, Chen S, Leonard J, Burkoth TL (1996) Use of the polymeric matrix as internal standard for quantitation of in vivo delivery of tetracycline HCl from Actisite tetracycline fiber during periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 31(8):540–544

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dodwad V, Ahuja S, Kukreja BJ (2012) Effect of locally delivered tetracycline hydrochloride as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on Hba1c, C-reactive protein, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: a clinico-biochemical study. Contemp Clin Dent 3(2):150–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ciancio SG (1999) Local delivery of chlorhexidine. Compend Contin Educ Dent 20(5):427–432, quiz 434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Killoy WJ (1998) The use of locally delivered chlorhexidine in the treatment of periodontitis. Clinical results. J Clin Periodontol 25(11 Pt 2):953–958, discussion 978-959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Grover V, Kapoor A, Malhotra R, Battu VS, Bhatia A, Sachdeva S (2011) To assess the effectiveness of a chlorhexidine chip in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a clinical and radiographic study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 15(2):139–146

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kondreddy K, Ambalavanan N, Ramakrishna T, Kumar RS (2013) Effectiveness of a controlled release chlorhexidine chip (PerioCol-CG) as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing when compared to scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 16(4):553–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chandra C, Valavalkar N, Vandana KL (2011) The comparative evaluation of xanthan gel with chlorhexidine (Chlosite) in smokers and non-smokers: a clinical and microbiological assessment. J Indian Soc Periodontol 15(3):221–227

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zeidner NS, Massung RF, Dolan MC, Dadey E, Gabitzsch E, Dietrich G, Levin ML (2008) A sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite. J Med Microbiol 57(Pt 4):463–468

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. (1994) Antibiotic gels for periodontal disease. Drug Ther Bull 32(6):43–44

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jarrold CR, Allaker RP, Young KA, Heath MR, Hardie JM, Lynch E (1997) Clinical and microbiological effects of topical minocycline in the treatment of elderly patients with periodontitis. Br Dent J 183(2):51–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kinane DF (2000) Local antimicrobial therapies in periodontal disease. Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg 15:57–60

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Geng S, Cao C, Chen Z (2000) The effect of non-surgical periodontal and adjunctive minocycline-HCL treatments on collagenase activity. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 35(5):336–339

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hagiwara S, Iida M, Ishikawa I (1993) Clinical and microbiological study concerning effects of scaling and root planing. 2. The effects of mechanical debridement until one year and of minocycline application topically. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 60(2):301–312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hagiwara S, Umeda M, Tominaga Y, Takamatsu N, Yoshida N (1995) Subgingival distribution of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontic patients and susceptibility of these bacteria to minocycline-HCl. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 62(4):495–505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Nakagawa T, Yamada S, Oosuka Y, Saito A, Hosaka Y, Ishikawa T, Okuda K (1991) Clinical and microbiological study of local minocycline delivery (Periocline) following scaling and root planing in recurrent periodontal pockets. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 32(2):63–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lessem J, Hanlon A (2004) A post-marketing study of 2805 patients treated for periodontal disease with Arestin. J Int Acad Periodontol 6(4 Suppl):150–153

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Oringer RJ, Van Dyke TE, Lessem J (2002) The challenge of treating periodontal patients who smoke–the efficacy of Arestin. J Int Acad Periodontol 4(3):89–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Skaleric U, Schara R, Medvescek M, Hanlon A, Doherty F, Lessem J (2004) Periodontal treatment by Arestin and its effects on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients. J Int Acad Periodontol 6(4 Suppl):160–165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Van Dyke TE, Offenbacher S, Braswell L, Lessem J (2002) Enhancing the value of scaling and root-planing: Arestin clinical trial results. J Int Acad Periodontol 4(3):72–76

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Al-Mubarak SA, Karring T, Ho A (2000) Clinical evaluation of subgingival application of metronidazole 25%, and adjunctive therapy. J Int Acad Periodontol 2(3):64–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Montebugnoli L, Servidio D, Prati C (2002) Effectiveness of metronidazole gel on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in heart transplant patients. Clin Oral Investig 6(1):24–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Candio S Actisite® (tetracycline hydrochloride) and the recare patient. Dentistry IQ, Tulsa, OK

    Google Scholar 

  44. PerioCol-TC Sterile medicated periodontal collagen fibers. Eucare Pharmaceuticals, India

    Google Scholar 

  45. Dodwad V, Vaish S, Mahajan A, Chhokra M (2012) Local drug delivery in periodontics: a strategic intervention. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4(4):30–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. PerioChip Dexcel Pharma Technologies, Fair Lawn, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  47. Arestin Minocycline microspheres. OraPharma, Inc., Horsham, PA

    Google Scholar 

  48. Jain R, Mohamed F, Hemalatha M (2012) Minocycline containing local drug delivery system in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 16(2):179–183

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Salamat-Miller N, Chittchang M, Johnston TP (2005) The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57(11):1666–1691

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Shinkar DM, Dhake AS, Setty CM (2012) Drug delivery from the oral cavity: a focus on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 66(5):466–500

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Segal AL, Katcher AH, Brightman VJ, Miller MF (1974) Recurrent herpes labialis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, and the menstrual cycle. J Dent Res 53(4):797–803

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gaffar A (2001) Recurrent oral ulcers—an overview. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl (32):4–6. quiz 22

    Google Scholar 

  53. Reznik D, O’Daniels CM (2001) Clinical treatment evaluations of a new topical oral medication. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl (32):17–21, quiz 23

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mizrahi B, Golenser J, Wolnerman JS, Domb AJ (2004) Adhesive tablet effective for treating canker sores in humans. J Pharm Sci 93(12):2927–2935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Pica F, Volpi A (2011) Public awareness and knowledge of herpes labialis. J Med Virol 84(1):132–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Raborn GW, McGaw WT, Grace M, Percy J (1988) Treatment of herpes labialis with acyclovir. Review of three clinical trials. Am J Med 85(2A):39–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Spruance SL (2002) N-docosanol (Abreva) for herpes labialis: problems and questions. J Am Acad Dermatol 47(3):457–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Quong TL (1989) Oral acyclovir (Zovirax) in the treatment of recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent herpes labialis. Hawaii Dent J 20(10):10, 12, 14 passim

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Poland JM (1994) Current therapeutic management of recurrent herpes labialis. Gen Dent 42(1):46–50, quiz 51-42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Raborn GW, Chan KS, Grace M (2004) Treatment modalities and medication recommended by health care professionals for treating recurrent herpes labialis. J Am Dent Assoc 135(1):48–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Raborn GW, Grace MG (2003) Recurrent herpes simplex labialis: selected therapeutic options. J Can Dent Assoc 69(8):498–503

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. McCarthy JP, Browning WD, Teerlink C, Veit G (2012) Treatment of herpes labialis: comparison of two OTC drugs and untreated controls. J Esthet Restor Dent 24(2):103–109

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Berry TM, Murphy JA, Montooth AK, Hing E, Cherry DK, Woodwell DA National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003 summary. Accessed at http://0-www.cdc.gov.mill1.sjlibrary.org/nchs/data/ad/ad365.pdf 9 Feb 2007

  64. Pearson NL (2006) Product update. Can Pharm J/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 139(5):1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. ORAJEL™ Single Dose Cold Sore Treatment http://www.orajel.com/adult-oral-care/cold-sore/Products/orajel-single-dose-cold-sore-treatment.aspx

  66. Sterer N, Nuas S, Mizrahi B, Goldenberg C, Weiss EI, Domb A, Davidi MP (2008) Oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. J Dent 36(7):535–539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Sterer N, Rubinstein Y (2006) Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. Quintessence Int 37(8):653–658

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Danser MM, Gomez SM, Van der Weijden GA (2003) Tongue coating and tongue brushing: a literature review. Int J Dent Hyg 1(3):151–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Pedrazzi V, Sato S, de Mattos Mda G, Lara EH, Panzeri H (2004) Tongue-cleaning methods: a comparative clinical trial employing a toothbrush and a tongue scraper. J Periodontol 75(7):1009–1012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Quirynen M, Avontroodt P, Soers C, Zhao H, Pauwels M, van Steenberghe D (2004) Impact of tongue cleansers on microbial load and taste. J Clin Periodontol 31(7):506–510

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M (2010) Oral malodour and active ingredients for treatment. Int J Cosmet Sci 32(5):321–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Meyers AJ, Lutrario CA, Elliott M, Gallagher LA Breath freshening lipstick. US Patent 63834752002

    Google Scholar 

  73. Pankhurst CL (2012) Candidiasis (oropharyngeal). Clin Evid (Online) 2012:pii: 1304

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pienaar ED, Young T, Holmes H (2006) Interventions for the prevention and management of oropharyngeal candidiasis associated with HIV infection in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD003940

    Google Scholar 

  75. Klotz SA (2006) Oropharyngeal candidiasis: a new treatment option. Clin Infect Dis 42(8):1187–1188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. (2010) Miconazole (Oravig) for oropharyngeal candidiasis. Med Lett Drugs Ther 52(1352):95–96

    Google Scholar 

  77. Lalla RV, Bensadoun RJ (2010) Miconazole mucoadhesive tablet for oropharyngeal candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 9(1):13–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Collins CD, Cookinham S, Smith J (2011) Management of oropharyngeal candidiasis with localized oral miconazole therapy: efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability. Patient Prefer Adherence 5:369–374

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Tibozole. http://preprod.www.tibotec.com/bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=products_characteristics

  80. Van Roey J, Haxaire M, Kamya M, Lwanga I, Katabira E (2004) Comparative efficacy of topical therapy with a slow-release mucoadhesive buccal tablet containing miconazole nitrate versus systemic therapy with ketoconazole in HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35(2):144–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bensadoun RJ, Daoud J, El Gueddari B, Bastit L, Gourmet R, Rosikon A, Allavena C, Ceruse P, Calais G, Attali P (2008) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of miconazole 50-mg mucoadhesive buccal tablets with miconazole 500-mg gel in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis: a prospective, randomized, single-blind, multicenter, comparative, phase III trial in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer 112(1):204–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Resorba repair and regenerate Vol. 2013

    Google Scholar 

  83. Orellana MF, Lagravere MO, Boychuk DG, Major PW, Flores-Mir C (2006) Prevalence of xerostomia in population-based samples: a systematic review. J Public Health Dent 66(2):152–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Napenas JJ, Brennan MT, Fox PC (2009) Diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia (dry mouth). Odontology 97(2):76–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Rayman S, Dincer E, Almas K (2010) Xerostomia. Diagnosis and management in dental practice. N Y State Dent J 76(2):24–27

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Dodds MW, Hsieh SC, Johnson DA (1991) The effect of increased mastication by daily gum-chewing on salivary gland output and dental plaque acidogenicity. J Dent Res 70(12):1474–1478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Jenkins GN, Edgar WM (1989) The effect of daily gum-chewing on salivary flow rates in man. J Dent Res 68(5):786–790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Odusola F (1991) Chewing gum as aid in treatment of hyposalivation. N Y State Dent J 57(4):28–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Epstein JB, Emerton S, Le ND, Stevenson-Moore P (1999) A double-blind crossover trial of Oral Balance gel and Biotene toothpaste versus placebo in patients with xerostomia following radiation therapy. Oral Oncol 35(2):132–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Yankell SL, Emling RC (1989) Clinical study to evaluate the effects of three marketed sugarless chewing gum products on plaque pH, pCa, and swallowing rates. J Clin Dent 1(3):70–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Rhodus NL, Bereuter J (2000) Clinical evaluation of a commercially available oral moisturizer in relieving signs and symptoms of xerostomia in postirradiation head and neck cancer patients and patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. J Otolaryngol 29(1):28–34

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lafaurie G, Fedele S, Lopez RM, Wolff A, Strietzel F, Porter SR, Konttinen YT (2009) Biotechnological advances in neuro-electro-stimulation for the treatment of hyposalivation and xerostomia. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 14(2):E76–E80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Pattani KM, McDuffie CM, Morgan M, Armstrong C, Nathan CO (2010) Electrical stimulation of post-irradiated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to improve xerostomia. J La State Med Soc 162(1):21–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Braga MA, Tarzia O, Bergamaschi CC, Santos FA, Andrade ED, Groppo FC (2009) Comparison of the effects of pilocarpine and cevimeline on salivary flow. Int J Dent Hyg 7(2):126–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. al-Hashimi I, Taylor SE (2001) A new medication for treatment of dry mouth in Sjogren’s syndrome. Tex Dent J 118(3):262–266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Walizer EM, Ephraim PM (1996) Double-blind cross-over controlled clinical trial of vegetable oil versus xerolube for xerostomia: an expanded study abstract. ORL Head Neck Nurs 14(1):11–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Shahdad SA, Taylor C, Barclay SC, Steen IN, Preshaw PM (2005) A double-blind, crossover study of Biotene Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes in patients with post-radiotherapy xerostomia. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 14(4):319–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Devlin H, Bassiouny MA, Boston D (2006) Hardness of enamel exposed to Coca-Cola and artificial saliva. J Oral Rehabil 33(1):26–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Nieuw Amerongen AV, Veerman EC (2003) Current therapies for xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction associated with cancer therapies. Support Care Cancer 11(4):226–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Shannon IL, Trodahl JN, Starcke EN (1978) Remineralization of enamel by a saliva substitute designed for use by irradiated patients. Cancer 41(5):1746–1750

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Meyer-Lueckel H, Schulte-Monting J, Kielbassa AM (2002) The effect of commercially available saliva substitutes on predemineralized bovine dentin in vitro. Oral Dis 8(4):192–198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Schaeken MJ, van der Hoeven JS (1990) Plax more effective than water? Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 97(7):315–317

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Guneri P, Alpoz E, Epstein JB, Cankaya H, Ates M (2011) In vitro antimicrobial effects of commercially available mouth-wetting agents. Spec Care Dentist 31(4):123–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Kerr AR, Corby PM, Shah SS, Epler M, Fisch GS, Norman RG (2010) Use of a mucoadhesive disk for relief of dry mouth: a randomized, double-masked, controlled crossover study. J Am Dent Assoc 141(10):1250–1256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Senahayake F, Piggott K, Hamilton-Miller JM (1998) A pilot study of Salix SST (saliva-stimulating lozenges) in post-irradiation xerostomia. Curr Med Res Opin 14(3):155–159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Sheeba Qureshi

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India

    Wahid Khan

  3. Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Michael Perez-Davidi & Ervin I Weiss

  4. Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University—Hadassah, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Nurit Beyth

  5. Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University—Hadassah, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Nurit Beyth

  6. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Abraham J. Domb

Authors
  1. Sheeba Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wahid Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael Perez-Davidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ervin I Weiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nurit Beyth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abraham J. Domb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abraham J. Domb .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Abraham J. Domb

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Wahid Khan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Controlled Release Society

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Qureshi, S., Khan, W., Perez-Davidi, M., Weiss, E.I., Beyth, N., Domb, A.J. (2014). Local Drug Delivery to the Oral Cavity. In: Domb, A., Khan, W. (eds) Focal Controlled Drug Delivery. Advances in Delivery Science and Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation