Abstract
A major problem with all large superconducting magnets is the cryogenic and refrigeration system. Almost all of the large magnets are cryogenically stabilized. They are cooled in a bath of boiling helium. Nucleate boiling in liquid helium permits heat fluxes of 3000 W/m2 to be transferred with a temperature drop of less than 0.5 K. The bath-cooled magnet is difficult to cool from room temperature to 4 K. Helium, which is a difficult fluid to use as a coolant because of its low atomic weight, must flow into each region of the magnet; if the flow in a section of the magnet is restricted, stratification occurs and that magnet section remains warm.
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Green, M.A., Burns, W.A., Taylor, J.D. (1980). Forced Two-Phase Helium Cooling of Large Superconducting Magnets. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Snyder, H.A. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 35 A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_51
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_51
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