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Regulation of Keratinization during the Development of the Avian Feather and Scutate Scale

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Coordinated Regulation of Gene Expression

Abstract

Unlike other vertebrates birds and reptiles produce beta keratins, in addition to the alpha keratins which appear in the epidermis of all vertebrates. The alpha and beta keratins can be distinguished by their X-ray diffraction patterns, for which they are named (Bell and Thathachari, 1963; Baden and Maderson, 1970), ultrastructural characteristics (Parakkal and Matoltsky, 1968; Sawyer et al., 1974a; b), molecular weights (Walker and Bridgen, 1976), immunological identities (O’Guin et al., 1982), and nucleotide sequences (Molloy et al., 1982). The alpha keratin polypeptides of mammals are products of a multigene family (Moll et al., 1982), which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner (Sun et al., 1983), O’Guin and Sawyer (1982) and O’Guin (1984) have shown that the alpha keratins of birds are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and are recognized, on Western Blots, by at least one of the monoclonal antibodies made against human alpha keratins (Sun et al., 1983).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, 29208, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

    Roger H. Sawyer & Anne Reeves Haake

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  1. Roger H. Sawyer
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  2. Anne Reeves Haake
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    R. M. Clayton  & D. E. S. Truman  & 

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© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

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Sawyer, R.H., Haake, A.R. (1986). Regulation of Keratinization during the Development of the Avian Feather and Scutate Scale. In: Clayton, R.M., Truman, D.E.S. (eds) Coordinated Regulation of Gene Expression. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2245-0_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2245-0_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9315-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2245-0

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