Abstract
The field of immunoassay has experienced several major advances since the first description of radioimmunoassay (RIA) over 25 years ago (Yalow and Berson, 1960). Undoubtedly one of the most important of these is the development of the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) by Miles and Hales (1968). This methodology involves the use of excess concentrations of binding reagents relative to the analyte concentration in contrast to the limiting antibody concentrations of RIA. Further, the IRMA methods involve the use of labelled antibody rather than labelled antigen reagents. The classical IRMA involved preliminary incubation of the anaytical sample with excess labelled antibodies following which a solid phase antigen derivative was introduced to bind any labelled antibodies not involved in immune complex formation. Quantitation of radioactivity in either the solid-phase or the liquid thus gave a measure of the amount of analyte originally present. For theroetical and practical reasons this type of assay was not widely accepted and a variant of the basic system became more popular. This is the so-called two-site immunoradiometric assay (Woodhead et al, 1974) in which antigen is bound by labelled antibodies and the subsequent immune complexes bound by solid-phase antibody at other antigenic determinants (epitopes). The radioactivity measured in the separated solid-phase immune complexes is thus directly proportional to the concentration of analyte present.
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Weeks, I., Woodhead, J.S. (1988). Monoclonal Antibodies in Chemiluminescent Immunoassays. In: Hubbard, R., Marks, V. (eds) Clinical Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1573-5_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1573-5_7
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