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Toxicity and Novel Biomarkers of OP Exposure

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Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds

Abstract

This chapter consists of two different topics which are extremely important in the toxicity of organophosphorus (OP) compounds. The first part is concerned with OP toxicity in humans. OPs cause four important neurotoxic effects, including the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy, and chronic OP-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. Compared with the cholinergic syndrome, that causes millions of cases of poisoning with fatality of more than 15 % each year, other disorders involve much smaller number of patients. The second part describes the novel biomarker of OP exposure. Egasyn which is an isozyme of carboxylesterase is an accessory protein of β-glucuronidase (BG) in the liver microsomes. Egasyn-BG complex is located at the luminal site of liver microsomal endoplasmic reticulum membrane. When the OPs are incorporated into the liver microsomes, OP is tightly bound to egasyn, and subsequently, BG is dissociated and released into blood. Consequently, the increase of plasma BG activity is a good biomarker of OP exposure. The data presented in this chapter indicate the increase in plasma BG activity which is a much more sensitive biomarker to OP exposure than ChE (plasma cholinesterase) inhibition, particularly in the case of acute toxicity of OPs.

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Acknowledgements

M. Jokanović, was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Serbia (Project 175045).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Tetsuo Satoh Ph.D.

  2. HAB Research Institute, Cornea Center, Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, 272-8513, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan

    Tetsuo Satoh Ph.D.

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Nish, Nish, Serbia

    Milan Jokanović

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Correspondence to Tetsuo Satoh Ph.D. .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahdi Balali-Mood

  2. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Abdollahi

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Satoh, T., Jokanović, M. (2014). Toxicity and Novel Biomarkers of OP Exposure. In: Balali-Mood, M., Abdollahi, M. (eds) Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5625-3_5

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