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Nutritional Influences on Bone Health pp 157–169Cite as

Citrus Flavanones and Bone Health

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Abstract

Flavanones are a class of flavonoids found mainly in citrus fruits, the most common ones being hesperidin and naringin. These compounds exist as glycoside conjugates in the fruits at relatively abundant concentrations. Despite the extensive metabolism, the flavanones circulate in blood in the low μM range, which we therefore consider as the “physiological” concentration as opposed to more pharmacological concentrations (50–100 μM) often used in cell culture studies.

Among the various biological effects attributed to the flavanones, the more consistent ones are anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effects of the flavanones have been shown to be mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

Concerning the effects of flavanones on bone metabolism, the in vivo evidence in preclinical studies mimicking postmenopausal or senile bone loss shows an effect of hesperidin on preservation of bone mineral density (BMD) associated with reduced collagen breakdown. In the first placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to be performed on the ability of hesperidin (500 mg daily for 2 years) to attenuate bone loss in postmenopausal women, we found that hesperidin did not significantly alter the 1–2 % BMD loss/year generally observed in this population. However, the subjects consuming hesperidin presented a better balance in bone metabolism as reflected by the bone turnover index.

Any nutritional approach to bone health should include the main bone micronutrients (calcium, vitamin D) already shown to improve BMD in osteopenic situations. However, further bioactive nutrients in the diet, such as the flavanones, may play a further role in modulating bone turnover and help protect against bone loss in at-risk populations. The question remains as to how best to measure such effects and show their relevance to bone quality, whether it is via bone biomarkers, bone architecture, or bone ­mineral density in combination or not with calcium and vitamin D.

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  1. Department of Nutrition and Health, Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les blanc, Lausanne, 26 1000, Switzerland

    Marie-Noëlle Horcajada PhD & Elizabeth Offord PhD

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Correspondence to Marie-Noëlle Horcajada PhD .

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  1. , Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Clinic/Bois Cerf, Ave. d'Ouchy 31, Lausanne, 1006, Vaud, Switzerland

    Peter Burckhardt

  2. , Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, 02111, Massachusetts, USA

    Bess Dawson-Hughes

  3. , Nutrition and Science, Purdue University, W. State Street 700, West Lafayette, 47907-2059, Indiana, USA

    Connie M. Weaver

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Horcajada, MN., Offord, E. (2013). Citrus Flavanones and Bone Health. In: Burckhardt, P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Weaver, C. (eds) Nutritional Influences on Bone Health. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2769-7_15

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