The human brain is probably the most sophisticated result of evolution and its existence has allowed the human species to shape its environment in a definitive way. Though the structure and function of the brain are very complex, together they make the brain attain a remarkable degree of effectiveness.
The human brain controls the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and it regulates virtually all human activity [1, 24]. Different types of activity are controlled by different elements of the central-peripheral nervous systems. Involuntary functions such as heart rate control, respiration or digestion are unconsciously controlled through a part of the peripheral nervous system which is the autonomic nervous system [1, 24] whereas complex mental activities such as thought, reason or abstraction are consciously controlled.
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Gonçalves, S.I. (2009). Multimodality in Brain Imaging: Methodologic Aspects and Applications. In: Tavares, J.M.R.S., Jorge, R.M.N. (eds) Advances in Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9086-8_5
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