Skip to main content

Machines Imitating Humans

Appearance and Behaviour in Robots

  • Chapter
  • 1439 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 14))

The authors have synthesized the emotion in the speech of robot. The modeling of emotion in speech relies on a number of parameters among others, fundamental frequency (F0) level, voice quality, or articulation precision etc. As an initial work for synthesizing emotion in speech, we utilized the three voice features provided by the TTS engine of Microsoft Speech SDK i.e. pitch, rate and volume. Speech with these parameters controlled, was generated randomly with 20 sentences for each emotion and perception by human hearers were collected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ellen Thro. “Robotics: Intelligent Machines for the New Century (New Edition)”. Facts on File, New York, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  2. Will Taggart and Sherry Turkle. “Preliminary Remarks”. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop and Corry D. Kidd. “An Interactive Robot in Nursing Home; P”, Stresa, Italy, July 25–26, 2005, pp. 56–61

    Google Scholar 

  3. Altion Simo, Yoshifumi Nishida, and Koichi Nagashima. “A Humanoid Robot to Prevent Children Accident”. 12th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia 2006 (VSMM 2006), Xi' An, China, October 18–20, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  4. Masahiro Fujita. “On Activating Human Communication with Pet-Type Robot AIBO”. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 92, No. 11, November 2004

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ronal C. Arkin, Masahiro Fujita, Tsuyoshi Takagi, and Rika Hasegawa. “Ethological Modeling and Architecture for an Entertainment Robot”. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, Seoul, Korea, May 21–26, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  6. Robins, B. et al. “Sustaining Interaction Dynamics and Engagement in Dyadic Child-Robot Interaction Kinesics: Lessons Learnt from an Exploratory Study”. 14th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2005), 2005, pp. 716– 722

    Google Scholar 

  7. Takanori Shibata, Kazuyoshi Wada, Tomoko Saito, and Kazuo Tanie. “Human Interactive Robot for Psychological Enrichment and Therapy”. Proceedings of the AISB Convention: Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Human-Robot Interaction, Hatfield, 2005, pp. 98–109

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cynthia Breazeal. “Social Interaction in HRI: The Robot View”. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, Man and Systems — Part C, Application and Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 181–186, May 2004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen. “Android Ethics: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for Modeling Human Moral faculties”. Towards Social Mechanism of Android Science. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cynthia Breazeal. “Towards Sociable Robots”. Robotics and Automation Systems, Vol. 42, pp. 167–175, 2003

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Cory D. Kidd and Cynthia Breazeal. “Sociable Robot System for Real World Problems”. 14th IEEE international Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2005), Nashville, TN, August 2005

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gordon Cheng, Akihiko Nagakubo, and Yasuo Kuniyoshi. “Continuous Humanoid Interaction: An Integrated Perspective — Gaining Adaptivity, Redundancy, Flexibility — In One“. Robotics and Autonomous systems, Vol. 37, pp. 161–183, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cory D. Kidd and Cynthia Breazeal. “Designing a Sociable Robot System for Weight Maintenance“. IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE CCNC 2006), Las Vegas, NV, January 7–10, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  14. Julie Hillan. “The Necessity of Enforcing Multidisciplinary Research and Development of Embodied Socially Intelligent Agents“. Proceedings of the AISB Convention: Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Human-Robot Interaction, Hatfield, 2005, pp. 133–140

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hiroshi Ishiguro. “Android Science: Towards a New Cross Interdisciplinary Framework“. Towards Social Mechanism of Android Science. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop, 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Piedmont, Italy, July 21–23, 2005, pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  16. Candace L. Sidner, Cory D. Kidd, Christopher Lee, and Neal Lesh. “Where to Look: A Study of Human Robot Engagement“. IUI'04, Maderia, Funchal, Portugal, January 13–16, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  17. Candace Sidner, Christopher Lee, Cory Kidd, and Neal Lesh. “Explorations in Engagement for Humans and Robots“. Humanoids 2004, Santa Monica, CA, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  18. Cynthia Breazeal, Andrew Brooks, David Chilongo, Jesse Gray, Guy Hoffman, Cory D. Kidd, Hans Lee, Jeff Lieberman, and Andrea Lockerd. “Working Collaboratively with Humanoid Robots“. Proceedings of IEEE-RAS/RSJ International Conference on Humanoid Robots 2004 (Humanoids 2004), Los Angeles, CA, November 2004

    Google Scholar 

  19. Pamela J. Hinds, Teresa L. Roberts, and Hank Jones. “Whose Job Is It Anyway? A Study of Human-Robot Interaction in Collaborative Task“. Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 19, pp. 151–181, 2004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cynthia Breazeal, Cory D. Kidd, Andrea Lockerd Thomaz, Guy Hoffman, and Matt Berlin. “Effects of Nonverbal Communication on Efficiency and Robustness in Human-Robot Teamwork“. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2005, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 2005

    Google Scholar 

  21. Catherina Burghart and Roger Haeussling. “Evaluation Criteria for Human Robot Interaction“. Proceedings of the AISB Convention: Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Human-Robot Interaction, Hatfield, 2005, pp. 23–31

    Google Scholar 

  22. Allison Bruce, Illah Nourbakhsh, and Reid Simmons. “The Role of Expressiveness and Attention in Human-Robot Interaction“. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2002, May 11–15, 2002, Washington, DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rowel Atienza and Alexandra Zelinsky. “Intuitive Human-Robot Interaction Through Active 3D Gaze Tracking“. Proceedings of 11th International Symposium of Robotics Research, Siena, Italy, October 2003

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yosuke Matsusaka, Tsuyoshi Tojo, Sentaro Kubota, and Kenji Furukawa. “Multi-Person Conversation via Multi-Modal Interface. A Robot Who Communicates with Multi-User“. EU-ROSPEECH 99, Vol. 4, pp. 1723–1726, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yosuke Matsusaka, Shinya Fujie, and Tetsunori Kobayashi. “Modeling of Conversational Strategy for the Robot Participating in the Group Conversation“. EUROSPEECH 2001, Scandinavia, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  26. David J. Calverley. “Android Science and the Animal Rights Movement: Are There Analogies“. Towards Social Mechanism of Android Science. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop, Stresa, Italy, July 25–26, 2005, pp. 127–136

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ben Robins, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Chrystopher L. Nehanive, N. Assif Mirza, Dorothee Francois, and Lars Olsson. “Sustaining Interaction Dynamics and Engagement in Dyadic Child-Robot Interaction Kinesics: Lessons Learnt from an Exploratory Study“. 14th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2005), Nashville, TN, 2005, pp. 716–722

    Google Scholar 

  28. Henrik I. Christensen and Elena Pacchierotti. “Embodied Social Interaction for Robots“. Proceedings of the AISB Convention: Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Human-Robot Interaction, Hatfield, 2005, pp. 40–45

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cynthia Breazeal and Cory D. Kidd.“Robots as an Interactive Media“. Technical report, MIT Media Lab, 20

    Google Scholar 

  30. Andrea Lockerd Thomaz, Matt Berlin, and Cynthia Breazeal. “Robot Science Meets Social Science: An Embodied Computational Model of Social Referencing“. Towards Social Mechanism of Android Science. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop, Stresa, Italy, July 25–26, 2005, pp. 7–17

    Google Scholar 

  31. Cory D. Kidd and Cynthia Breazeal. “Human-Robot Interaction Experiments: Lessons Learned“. Kerstin Dautenhahn and Rene te Boekhorst (Eds.), Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction. Symposium at Social Intelligence and Interaction in Animals, Robots and Agents (AISB), University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England, April 2005, pp. 141–142

    Google Scholar 

  32. Brain R. Duffy. “Anthropomorphism and Robotics“. Symposium on Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interactions, Imperial College, England, April 3–5, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brain R. Duffy. “Anthropomorphism and the Social Robot“. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Vol. 42, pp. 177–190, 2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mike Blow, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Andrew Appleby, Crystopher L. Nehaniv, and David Lee. “The Art of Designing Robot Faces — Dimensions for Human-Robot Interaction“. HRI 2006, Salt Lake City, UT, March 2–3, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  35. Minato, T. et al. “Does Gaze Reveal the Human Likeness of an Android“. Proceedings of 2005 4th IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning. Osaka, Japan, July 19–21, 2005, pp. 106–111

    Google Scholar 

  36. MacDorman, K. et al. “Assessing Human Likeness by Eye Contact in an Android Testbed“. CogSci 2005 — 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, July 21–23, 2005, Stresa, Piedmont, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  37. Karl F. MacDorman. “Android as an Experimental Apparatus: Why Is There an Uncanny Alley and Can We Exploit It?“ Towards Social Mechanism of Android Science. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bryan Adams, Cynthia Breazeal, Rodney A. Brooks, and Brain Scassellati. “Humanoid Robots: A New Kind of Tool“. IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 25–31, July/August 2000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Walters, M. et al. “The Influence of Subject's Personality Traits on Predicting Comfortable Human-Robot Approach Distances“. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop, Stresa, Italy, July 25–26, 2005, pp. 29–37

    Google Scholar 

  40. Billy Lee. “Interpersonal Perception and Android Design“. A COGSCI 2005 Workshop, Stresa, Italy, July 25–26, 2005, pp. 50–55

    Google Scholar 

  41. Stephen J. Cowley and Takayuki Kanda. “Friendly Machines: Interaction Oriented Robots Today and Tomorrow“. Proceedings of SACLA 2004, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa, July 4–6, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  42. Masahiro Mori. “Bukimi no tani [The uncanny Valley]“ (Karl F. MacDorman and Takashi Minato, Trans.), Energy, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 33–35, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dave Bryant. “Why Are Monster-Movie Zombies so Horrifying and Talking Animals so Fascinating?“ Publisher unknown. Available at http://www.arclight.net/?pdb/nonfiction/uncanny-valley.html

  44. Takashi Minato et al. “Development of an Android Robot for Studying Human-Robot Interaction“. Proceedings of IEA/AIE Conference, 17th International Conference on Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence, Ottawa, Canada, 2004, pp. 424–434

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sarah Woods, Kerstin Dautenhahn, and Joerg Schulz. “Child and Adults' Perspectives on Robot Appearance“. AISB'05: Social Intelligence and Interaction in Animals, Robots and Agents Proceedings of the Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction, Hatfield, UK, pp. 126–132

    Google Scholar 

  46. David Hanson and Andrew Olney. “We Can Build You: Scientific, Artistic and Ethical Implication or Robotically Emulating Humans“. Available at http://hansonrobotics.com/press.php

  47. David Hanson, Andrew Olney, Ismar A. Pereira, and Marge Zielke. “Upending the Uncanny Valley“. Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 17th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 2005, pp. 1728–1729

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zia-ul-Haque Qazi S.M., Zhiliang Wang, and Ihsan-ul-Haq. “Human Likeness of Humanoid Robotics Exploring the Uncanny Valley“. IEEE 2nd International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2006, Peshawar, Pakistan, November 13–14, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  49. Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen. “Unmasking the Face.“ Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  50. I. Murray and J. Arnott, “Toward a Simulation of Emotion in Synthetic Speech: A Review of the Literature on Human Vocal Emotion.“ Acoust. Soc. Ante., Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 1097–1108, 1993

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zia-ul-Haque, Q.S.M., Wang, Z., Zhang, X. (2009). Machines Imitating Humans. In: Ao, SI., Rieger, B., Chen, SS. (eds) Advances in Computational Algorithms and Data Analysis. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8919-0_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8919-0_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8918-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8919-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics