Abstract
Communication, we have seen in Chapter r, is central to the exercise of power. Different kinds of power require different patterns of communication. To use power flexibly, therefore, and employ the form suitable to a particular goal, a political leader needs to control his communication.
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Notes
James David Barber, Presidential Character (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972) p. 148;
Howard H. Quint and Robert H. Ferrell, The Talkative President (Boston, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1964).
John M. Blum, Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1951) pp. 214–15.
Patrick Anderson, The President’s Men (New York: Doubleday, 1969) p. 220.
William E. Porter, Assault on the Media (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976) p. 68.
The conference was called for 1 a. m. on 11 Apr 1951. James E. Pollard, The President and the Press (New York: Macmillan, 1947) p. 15.
Marriner S. Eccles, Beckoning Frontiers (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1951) p. 336; quoted in Neustadt, Presidential Power, p. 33.
Cf. Murray Edelman, Political Language (New York: Academic Press, 1977) ch. 3.
Theodore H. White, Breach of Faith (New York: Dell, 1975) pp. 270, 283–4, 337, 394, 442.
See the summary analysis in R. T. Johnson, Managing the White House (New York: Harper & Row, 1974) pp. 142ff.;
and Irving L. Janis, Victims of Groupthink (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1972); Robert F. Kennedy, Thirteen Days.
There is a good summary of the crisis in Louis W. Koenig. The Chief Executive, 3rd edn (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975) pp. 369–77.
Thomas E. Cronin, The State of the Presidency (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1975) PP. 240–1.
Cf. Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1964).
Quoted in Robert S. Hirschfield (ed.), The Power of the Presidency (New York: Aldine, 1973) p. 150.
John E. Mueller, War, Presidents and Public Opinion (New York: John Wiley, 1973), is a salutary overview.
Stephen Hess, Organizing the Presidency (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1976) p. 25;pp. 18–25 provide a brilliant encapsulation of the presidential life-cycle.
‘Truman, although candid, is not discursive. Roosevelt’s most valuable conferences were those in which he talked at length on one or two subjects. From these the correspondents… got insight into his mind and objectives which they could not have got so well in any other way’ — Ernest Lindley, Newsweek, 28 Oct 1946; quoted in Elmer Cornwell Jr, Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965) p. 331.
Rowland Evans Jr and Robert D. Novak, Nixon in the White House (New York: Vintage Books, 1972) pp. 122–4.
These quotations are cited in, respectively, Pollard, The President and the Press, p. 776; William Hillman, Mr President (New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1962) p. 219;
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mandate for Change (New York: Signet Books, 1965) p. 291; Wise, The Politics of Lying, p. 333.
Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978).
H. R. Haldeman, The Ends of Power (London: Star Books, 1978) pp. 227, 244.
Patrick Anderson, The President’s Men (New York: Doubleday, 1969) pp. 226–7. Ileitis is an inflammation of the lower part of the small intestine.
Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises (London: W. H. Allen, 1962) pp. 149–50.
Barber, Presidential Character, p. 54; quoting Hugh Sidey, A Very Personal Presidency, (New York: Atheneum, 1968) p. 167.
William E. Porter, Assault on the Media (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976) p. 25.
For instance, Clay and John Blair, The Search For JFK (New York: Berkley, 1976).
Sherman Adams, Firsthand Report (New York; Popular Library, 1962), p. 350.
Timothy Crouse, The Boys on the Bus (New York: Ballantine Books, 1974) pp. 128, 369–73.
Margaret Truman, Harry S. Truman (New York: Pocket Books, 1974) pp. 546–8.
W. L. Rivers, The Opinion Makers (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1865) PP. 145–6.
Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point (New York: Popular Library, 1971) P. 159.
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr, A Thousand Days (London: André Deutsch, 1965) p. 569.
Charles W. Dunn (ed.), The Future of the Presidency (Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press, 1975) p. 292.
Hess, Organizing the Presidency, p. 66; quoting Townsend Hoopes, The Devil and John Foster Dulles (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1973) pp. 500–1.
On the development of White House press relations, see Cornwell, Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion; and M. L. Stein, When Presidents Meet the Press (New York: Julian Messner, 1969).
Charles W. Colson, Born Again (New York: Bantam Books, 1977) p. 38.
Murray Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964) ch. 5.
Robert E. Goodin, ‘Symbolic Reward: Being Bought Off Cheaply’, Political Studies, xxv, no. 3 (Sep 1977) p. 395.
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© 1982 Colin Seymour-Ure
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Seymour-Ure, C. (1982). The President and Communication. In: The American President. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04113-8_2
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