Keywords
- Acute Rejection
- Immunosuppressive Agent
- Mycophenolate Mofetil
- Calcineurin Inhibitor
- Antithymocyte Globulin
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Ballow M. 1997. Mechanism of action of intravenous serum immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. J All Clin Immunol. 100:151–157.
Boratynska M, Banasik M, Patrzalek D, Klinger M. 2006. Conversion from cyclosporine-based immunosuppression to tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil in patients with refractory and ongoing acute renal allograft rejection. Ann Transplant. 11:51–56.
Borel JF. 2002. History of the discovery of cyclosporin and its early pharmacologic development. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 114/12:433–437.
Bowman JM. 1990. RhD hemolytic disease of the newborn. NEJM. 339:1775–1777.
Brinkmann V, Pinschewer PD, Feng L, Chen S. 2001. FTY720: Altered lymphocyte traffic results in allograft protection. Transplantation. 72:764–769.
Brinkmann V, Lynch KR. 2002. FTY720: Targeting G-protein coupled receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate in transplantation and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 14:569–575.
Brinkmann V, Cyster JG, Hla T. 2004. FTY720: Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor in the control of lymphocyte egress and endothelial barrier function. Amer J Transplant. 4:1019–1025.
Brochstein JA, Kernan NA, Groshen S, Cirricione C, et al. 1987. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation after hyperfractionated total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide in children with acute leukemia. NEJM. 317:1618–1624.
Brown EJ, Albers MW, Shin TB, Ichikawa K, et al. 1994. A mammalian protein targeted by G1-arresting rapamycin-receptor complex. Nature. 369:756–758.
Budde K, Schutz M, Glander P, Peters H, et al. 2006. FTY720 (fingolimod) in renal transplantation. Clin Transplant. 20:17–24.
Burke JF, Pirsch JD, Ramos EL, Salomon DR, et al. 1994. Long term safety and efficacy of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. NEJM. 331:358–363.
Busuttil RW, Lake JR. 2004. Role of tacrolimus in the evolution of liver transplantation. Transplantation. 77:S44–S51.
Calne RY, White DJ, Thiru S, Evans DB, et al. 1978. Cyclosporin A in patients receiving renal allografts from cadaver donors. Lancet. 2:1323–1327.
Chan M, pearson GJ. 2007. New advances in antirejection therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol. 22:117–122.
Christians U, Sewing KF. 1993. Cyclosporin metabolism in transplant patients. Pharmacol Ther. 57:291–345.
Citterio F. 2001. Steroid side effects and their impact on transplantation outcome. Transplantation. 72:S75–S80.
Contreas M, deSilva M. 1994. The prevention and management of the hemolytic disease of newborn. J Royal Soc Med. 87:256–258.
Crespo-Leiro MG. 2003. Tacrolimus in heart transplantation. Transplant Proc. 35:1981–1983.
DiPavoda FE. 1990. Pharmacology of cyclosporine (Sandimmune). V. Pharmacological effects on immune function in vitro studies. Pharmacol Rev. 41:373–405.
Eisen HJ, Tuzcu EM, Dorent R, Kobashigawa J. 2003. Everolimus for the prevention of allograft rejection and vasculopathy in cardiac transplant recipients. NEJM. 349:847–858.
Fahr A. 1993. Cyclosporin clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokin. 24:472–495.
Ferry C, Socie G. 2003. Busulfan-cyclophosphamide versus total body irradiation-cyclo-phosphamide as preparative regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans- plantation for acute myeloid leukemia: What have we learned? Exp Hematol. 31:1182–1186.
Formica RN, Lorber KM, Friedman AL, Bia MJ, et al. 2004. The evolving experience using everolimus in clinical transplantation. Transplant Proc. 36:495S–499S.
Giebel S, Wojnar J, Krawczyk-Kulis M, Markiewicz M, et al. 2006. Treosulfan, cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in acquired severe aplastic anemia. Ann Transplant. 11:23–27.
Grinyo JM, Cruzado JM. 2006. Mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus combination in renal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 6:1991–1999.
Guessner RW, Kandaswamy R, Humar A, Gruessner AC, et al. 2005. Calcineurin inhibitor – and steroid free immune suppression in pancreas-kidney and solitary pancreas transplantation. Transplant. 79:1184–1189.
Gummert JF, Ikonen T, Morris RE. 1999. New immunosuppressive drugs. J Am Soc Nephrol. 10:1366–1380.
Halloran PF. 2004. Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation. NEJM. 351:2715–2729.
Henry ML. 1999. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus: A comparison of efficacy and safety profiles. Clin Transplant. 13:209–220.
Hong JC, Kahan BD. 2000. Sirolimus-induced thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in renal transplant recipients: Risk factors, incidence, progression and management. Transplantation. 69:2085–2090.
Hosenpud JD. 2005. Immunosuppression in cardiac transplantation. NEJM. 352:2749–2750.
Iacono AT, Johnson BA, Grgurich WF, Yossef JG, et al. 2006. A randomized trial of inhaled cyclosporine in lung-transplant recipients. 354:141–150.
Ingelfinger JR, Schwartz RS. 2005. Immunosuppression – the promise of specificity. 353:836–839.
Kahan BD. 1999. The potential role of rapamycin in pediatric transplantation as observed from adult studies. Pediat Transplant. 3:175–180.
Kahan BD. 2004. FTY720: From bench to bedside. Transplant Proc. 36:531S–543S.
Kappos L, Antel J, Comi G, Montalban X, et al. 2006. Oral fingolimod (FYT720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. NEJM. 355:1124–1140.
Keogh A. 2005. Long term benefits of mycophenolate mofetil after heart transplantation. Transplantation. 79:S45–S46.
Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, et al. 1987. FK506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a streptomyces. I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiot. 40:1249–1255.
Kreis H. 1992. Antilymphocytic globulins in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int. 42:S188–S192.
Krensky AM, Strom TB, Bluestone JA. 2005. Immunomodulators: Immunosuppressive agents, tolerogens and Immunostimulants. In: Brunton LL, Ed. Goodman and Gilman’s, the Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 11th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Larsen CP, Knechtle SJ, Adams A, Pearson T, et al. 2006. A new look at blockade of T cell costimulation. A therapeutic strategy for long term maintenance immunosuppression. Am J Transplant. 6:876–883.
Liu J, Farmer J, Lane W, Friedman J, et al. 1991. Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes. Cell. 66:807–815.
Losa Garcia JE, Mateos RF, Jimenez A, Salgado MJ, et al. 1998. Effect of cyclosporin A on inflammatory cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages. Resp Med. 92: 722–728.
MacDonald AS. 2003. Rapamycin in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus in liver, pancreas and kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 35:2015–2085.
Mizutami E, Narimatsu H, Murata M, Tomita A, et al. 2007. Successful second cord blood transplantation using fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for graft rejection following reduced intensity cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 40:85–87.
Neumayer HH. 2005. Introducing everolimus (Certican) in organ transplantation: An overview of preclinical and early clinical developments. Transplantation. 79:S72–75.
Perkins JD. 2006. Steroid use in liver transplantation: None, perioperative or full course. Liver Transplant. 12:1294–1295.
Raught B, Gingras AC, Sonenberg N. 2001. The target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:7037–7044.
Reichenspurner H. 2005. Overview of tacrolimus based immunosuppression after heart or lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 24:119–130.
Rhen T, Cidlowski JA. 2005. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids – new mechanisms for old drugs. NEJM. 353:1711–1723.
Rippin SJ, Serra AL, Marti HP, Wuthrich RP. 2007. Six year followup of azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil use during the first six months of renal transplantation. Clin Nephrol. 67:374–380.
Sanchez T, Estrada-Hernandez T, Paik JH, Wu MT, et al. 2003. Phosphorylation and action of the immunomodulator FTY720 inhibits vascular endothelial cell growth factor-induced vascular permeability. J Biol Chem. 278:47281–47290.
Schmeding M, Newmann UP, Neuhaus R, Neuhaus P. 2006. Mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation – Is monotherapy safe? Clin Transplant. 20:75–79.
Schulak JA. 2004. The steroid immunosuppression in kidney transplantation: A passing era. J Surg Res. 117:154–162.
Sehgal SN. 2006. Rapamune (RAPA, rapamycin, sirolimus) mechanism of action immunosuppressive effect results from blockade of signal transduction and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Clin Biochem. 39:484–489.
Socie G, Clift RA, Blaise D, Devergie A, et al. 2001. Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide compared with total-body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide before marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia: Long term followup of four randomized studies. Blood. 98:3569–3574.
Starzl TE, Klintmalm GB, Porter KA, Iwatsuki S. 1981. Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone. NEJM. 305:266–269.
Sykes A. 2006. Inhaled cyclosporine may increase survival after lung transplantation. Thorax. 61:305–305.
Tanabe K, Tokumoto T, Ishida H, Ishikawa N, et al. 2004. Excellent outcome of ABO-incompatible living kidney transplantation under pre transplantation immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroid. Transpl Proc. 36:2175–2177.
Teraok S, Sato S, Sekijima M, Iwado K, et al. 2005. Comparative study of clinical outcome in kidney transplantation between early steroid withdrawal protocol using basiliximab, calcineurin inhibitor, and mycophenolate mofetil and triple regimen consisting of calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate and steroid. Transplant Proc. 37:791–794.
Vincenti F, Larsen C, Durrbach A, Wekerle T, et al. 2005. Costimulation blockade with belatacept in renal transplantation. NEJM. 353:770–781.
Vincenti F. 2007. Costimulation blockade – what will the future bring? Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:1293–1296.
Webster AC, Lee VW, Chapman JR, Craig JC. 2006. Target of rapamycin inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immune suppression of kidney transplant recipients: A systemic view and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Transplantation. 81:1234–1248.
Wente MN, Sauer P, Mehrabi A, Weitz J, et al. 2006. Review of the clinical experience with a modified release form of tacrolimus [FK506E(MR4)] in transplantation. Clin Transplant. 17:80–84.
Westhoff TH, Schmidt S, Glander P, Liefeld L, et al. 2007. The impact of FTY720 (fingolimod) on vasodilatory function and arterial elasticity in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 22:2354–2358.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khan, M.M. (2008). Immunosuppressive Agents. In: Immunopharmacology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77976-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77976-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-77975-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-77976-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)