Abstract
Egypt is considered an arid country and the primary water resource is the River Nile. The limited availability of renewable freshwater for agriculture and urban development is a major constraint. The role of groundwater is steadily increasing and will cover 20% of the total water supply in the coming decades especially in the reclaimed areas of the Western Nile Delta. Serious environmental problems are emerging in the groundwater aquifer in Western Nile Delta such as waterlogging, soil salinity, and the risk of saline water intrusion to the north aquifer. An efficient integrated and sustainable management plan for groundwater resources is needed to avoid the deterioration of the groundwater aquifer in Western Nile Delta. In this chapter, a brief description of the groundwater aquifer in Western Nile Delta and a review of previous studies on groundwater hydrology were presented. GIS and MODFLOW models were integrated to simulate the groundwater flow in the studied Quaternary aquifer. The developed model was calibrated for steady-state and transient conditions for groundwater heads till 2002. The groundwater potentiality was evaluated, and different management scenarios were analyzed for groundwater prediction. The results of the current situation of groundwater showed that groundwater aquifer in Western Nile Delta is susceptible to significant water table reduction especially in the unconfined parts for the case of overstress discharge. The net aquifer recharge was increased for the case of reducing the surface water inflow while increasing the annual abstraction and improving the irrigation system. The annual aquifer potentiality was increased by the construction of a new canal to feed the aquifer towards the northwest direction. Therefore, efficient integrated and sustainable management of groundwater resources relies on a comprehensive database that represents the characteristics of the aquifer and modeling software to achieve the impacts of decision alternatives.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Soliman SM, Fattah MK, Ahmed MG (2014) Sustainable development and management of water resources in West Nile Delta, Egypt. Int J Sci Eng Res 5(11):1296–1310
MWRI (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation) (2007) Environmental and social impacts assessment and framework management plan, the West Delta conservation and irrigation rehabilitation project. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Giza
MWRI (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation) (2005) National water resources plan for Egypt 2017
MWRI (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation) (2012) Strategy of water resources of Egypt till 2050
Gogu RC, Carabin G, Hallet V, Peters V, Dassargues A (2001) GIS-based hydrogeological databases and groundwater modeling. Hydrogeol J 9:555–569
Arshad A, Zulfiqar A (2012) Integration of groundwater flow modeling and GIS. In: Nayak P (ed) Water resources management and modeling. InTech, London, pp 239–262
Kharad SM, Srinivas Rao K, Rao GS (2002) GIS-based groundwater assessment model. Available at the GIS Development hope page: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/nrm/water/ground
Sarma B, Saraf AK (2002) Study of land use – groundwater relationship using an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/nrm/water/ground
Singh AKr, Prakash SR (2003) An integrated approach of remote sensing, geophysics, and GIS to evaluation of groundwater potentiality of Ojhala Subwatershed, Mirzapur District, India. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/nrm/water/ground
El Molla AM, Dawoud MA, Hassan MS, Ewea HA, Mohamed RF (2005) Integrated management of water resources in Western Nile Delta, management scenarios. In: Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on environmental hydrology, American Society of Civil Engineering, Cairo
El Abd AE (2005) The geological impact on the water bearing formations on the area Southwest Nile Delta, Egypt. PhD thesis, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Cairo
Diab MS, Mohammed MA, Rizk ZS (1995) The role of geology, hydrogeology, and human activities in the contamination of shallow water resources northwest of the Rosetta Nile Branch, Egypt. J Fac Sci United Arab Emirates Univ 8(2):260–291
Saleh MF (1980) Some hydrogeological and hydrochemical studies on the Nile Delta. MSc thesis, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo
Sobeih M, El-Arabi EN, El-Deen YH, Awad BS (2017) Management of water resources to control groundwater levels in the southern area of the Western Nile Delta, Egypt. Water Sci 31(2):137–150
Nour El Din S (2009) Environmental impacts on the surface and groundwater system in the area surrounding the southern part of the Rosetta branch – Nile Delta – Egypt. MSc thesis, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menofia Governorate
RIGW/IWACO (1991) Monitoring and control groundwater pollution in the Nile Delta and adjacent desert areas. El Kanater El Khairia, TN 77.01300-91-12
Zaghloul MG (1985) Flow distribution through groundwater aquifer of the Nile Delta. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria
Shahin M (1985) Hydrology of the Nile Basin. Development in water science 21. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, p 575
Laeven MT (1991) Hydrogeological study of the Nile Delta and adjacent desert areas in Egypt with emphasis on hydrochemistry and isotope hydrology. MSc thesis, Free University, Amsterdam
RIGW (1992) Hydrogeological map for the Nile Delta area. Scale 1: 500000. Research Institute for Groundwater, El Kanter El Khairia
Bahr B (1995) Nile Delta aquifer with emphasis on saltwater intrusion in the northern area. MSc thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Applied Geoscience, Berlin
Farid MS (1985) Management of groundwater system in the Nile Delta. PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
RIGW/IWACO (1990) Development and management of groundwater resources in the Nile Valley and Delta: assessment of groundwater pollution from agricultural activities. Research Institute for Groundwater, El Kanater El Khairia
Warner JW, Gates TG, Attia FA, Mankarious WF (1991) Vertical leakage in Egypt’s Nile Valley: estimation and implications. J Irrig Drain Eng 117(4):515–533
RIGW/IWACO (1998) Environmental management of groundwater resources (EMGR): identification, priority setting and selection of area for monitoring groundwater quality. Technical report TN/70.00067/WQM/97/20, Research Institute for Groundwater (RIGW), Cairo
Eltarabily MG, Negm AM, Yoshimura C, Saavedra OC (2017) Modeling the impact of nitrate fertilizers on groundwater quality in the southern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Water Sci Technol Water Supply 17(2):561–570
TRIWACO (1992) Groundwater modelling system. Manual for version 6.0. IWACO, Rotterdam
ESRI (1992) ARC/INFO data model, concepts, and key terms. ESRI, Redlands
Dawoud MA, Darwish MM, El-Kady MM (2005) GIS-based groundwater management model for western Nile delta. Water Resour Manag 19:1–20
Morsy WS (2009) Environmental management to groundwater resources for Nile Delta region. PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo
Eltarabily MG (2017) Experimental and numerical study of fertilizers impact on Nile Delta groundwater aquifer. PhD thesis, Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria
Omar Mohie El Din M, Moussa Ahmed MA (2016) Water management in Egypt for facing the future challenges. J Adv Res 7:403–412
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eltarabily, M.G.A., Negm, A.M. (2018). Groundwater Management for Sustainable Development Plans for the Western Nile Delta. In: Negm, A. (eds) Groundwater in the Nile Delta . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 73. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_247
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_247
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94282-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94283-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)