Abstract
Among the experimental techniques employed in contacting individual molecules Mechanically Controllable Break Junctions are being frequently used. Some of the advantages are (1) straight-forward preparation of clean surfaces for anchoring the molecule; (2) the possibility to produce many different single-molecule junctions in one experiment, allowing obtaining statistical averages; (3) adapting the electrode gap to the molecules’ length; (4) control over the mechanical stress of the molecule. We briefly review results obtained on organic molecules anchored to gold electrodes by thiol groups, both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures, and experiments on simple molecules chemisorbed to platinum electrodes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C. Joachim, J.K. Gimzewski, R.R. Schlitter, C. Chavy: Electronic transparence of a single C60 molecule, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2102–2105 (1995)
X.D. Cui, A. Primak, X. Zarate, J. Tomfohr, O.F. Sankey, A.L. Moore, T.A. Moore, D. Gust, G. Harris, S.M. Lindsay: Reproducible measurement of singlemolecule conductivity, Science 294, 571–574 (2001)
H. Park, A.K.L. Lim, A.P. Alivisatos, J. Park, P.L.M. Euen: Fabrication of metallic electrodes with nanometer separation by electromigration, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 301–303 (1999)
S. Kubatkin, A. Danilov, M. Hjort, J. Cornil, J.L. Brédas, N. Stuhr-Hansen, P. Hedegård, T. Bjørnholm: Single-electron transistor of a single organic molecule with access to several redox states, Nature (London) 425, 698–701 (2003)
Y.V. Kervennic, J.M. Thijssen, D. Vanmaekelbergh, R. Dabirian, C.A. van Walree, L.W. Jenneskens, H.S.J. van der Zant: “Orbital transport in a molecular transistor”, unpublished
A.Y. Kasumov, D. Klinov, P.E. Roche, S. Gueron, H. Bouchiat: Thickness and low-temperature conductivity of DNA molecules, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1007–1009 (2004)
T. Heim, D. Deresmes, D. Vuillaume: Conductivity of DNA probed by conducting-atomic force microscopy: effects of contact electrode, DNA structure, and surface interactions., J. Appl. Phys. 96, 2927–2936 (2004)
M. Morgenstern, J. Kljn, C. Meyer, D. Haude, R. Wiesendanger: Visualizing the influence of interactions on the nanoscale: simple electron systems, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings pp. 11–19 (2003)
R. Schaub, E. Wahlstrom, A. Ronnau, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, F. Besenbacher: Oxygen-mediated diffusion of oxygen vacancies on the TiO2/(110) surface, Science 299, 377–379 (2003)
L. Kuipers, M. Hoogeman, J. Frenken, H. van Beijeren: Step and kink dynamics on Au (110) and Pb (111) studied with a high-speed stm., Phys. Rev. B 52, 11387–11397 (1995)
D.M. Eigler, E.K. Schweizer: Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope., Nature 344, 524–526 (1990)
M. Herz, F.J. Giessibl, J. Mannhart: Probing the shape of atoms in real space, Phys. Rev. B 68, 045–301 (2003)
A.J. Heinrich, C.P. Lutz, J.A. Gupta, D.M. Eigler: Molecule cascades, Science 298, 1381–1387 (2002)
A.F. Morpurgo, C.M. Marcus, D.B. Robinson: Controlled fabrication of metallic electrodes with atomic separation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2084–2086 (1999)
N.B. Zhitenev, A. Erbe, Z. Bao: Single- and multigrain nanojunctions with a self-assembled monolayer of conjugated molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 186 805/1–4 (2004)
A.R. Champagne, A.N. Pasupathy, D.C. Ralph: “Mechanically-adjustable and electrically-gated single-molecule transistors”, preprint, cond-mat/0409134
M.A. Reed, C. Zhou, C.J. Muller, T.P. Burgin, J. M.Tour: Conductance of a molecular junction, Science 278, 252–254 (1997)
J. Moreland, J.W. Ekin: Electron tunneling experiments using Nb-Sn ‘break’ junctions, J. Appl. Phys. 58, 3888–3895 (1985)
C.J. Muller, J.M. van Ruitenbeek, L.J. de Jongh: Experimental observation of the transition from weak link to tunnel junction, Physica C 191, 485–492 (1992)
J.M. van Ruitenbeek, A. Alvarez, I. Pineyro, C. Grahmann, P. Joyez, M.H. Devoret, D. Esteve, C. Urbina: Adjustable nanofabricated atomic size contacts, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 108–111 (1996)
C. Kergueris, J.P. Bourgoin, S. Palacin, D. Esteve, U. Urbina, M. Magoga, C. Joachim: Electron transport through a metal-molecule-metal junction, Phys. Rev. B 59, 12 505–12 513 (1999)
J. Reichert, R. Ochs, D. Beckmann, H. Weber, M. Mayor, H. v. Löhneysen: Driving current through single organic molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 176 804/1–4 (2002)
R.H.M. Smit, Y. Noat, C. Untiedt, N.D. Lang, M.C. van Hemert, J.M. van Ruitenbeek: Measurement of a conductance of a hydrogen molecule, Nature 419, 906–908 (2002)
T. Böhler, J. Grebing, A. Mayer-Gindner, H. v. Löhneysen, E. Scheer: Mechanically controllable breakjunctions for use as electrodes for molecular electronics, Nanotechnology 15, 465–471 (2004)
N. Agraït, A.L. Yeyati, J.M. van Ruitenbeek: Quantum properties of atomicsized conductors, Phys. Rep. 377, 81–279 (2003)
C. Zhou, C.J. Muller, M.R. Deshpande, J.W. Sleight, M.A. Reed: Microfabrication of a mechanically controllable break junction in silicon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1160–1162 (1995)
J. Reichert, H.B. Weber, M. Mayor, H. von Löhneysen: Low-temperature conductance measurements on single molecules, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4137–4139 (2003)
D. Djukic, K.S. Thygesen, C. Untiedt, R.H.M. Smit, K.W. Jacobsen, J. van Ruitenbeek: “Stretching dependence of the vibration modes of a single-molecule Pt-H2-Pt bridge”, preprint, cond-mat/0409640
K.S. Thygesen, K.W. Jacobsen: Conduction mechanism in a molecular hydrogen contact, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 036 807/1–4 (2005)
S. Csonka, A. Halbritter, G. Mihály, O.I. Shklyarevskii, S. Speller, H. van Kempen: Conductance of Pd-H nanojunctions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 016 802/1–4 (2004)
Y. García, J.J. Palacios, E. SanFabián, J.A. Vergés, A.J. Pérez- Jiménez, E. Louis: Electronic transport and vibrational modes in a small molecular bridge: H2 in Pt nanocontacts, Phys. Rev. B 69, 041 402/1–4 (2004)
J.C. Cuevas, J. Heurich, F. Pauly, W. Wenzel, G. Schön: Theoretical description of a electrical conduction in atomic and molecular junctions, Nanotechnology 14, R29–R38 (2003)
C. Untiedt, D.M.T. Dekker, D. Djukic, J.M. van Ruitenbeek: Phys. Rev. B 69, 081 401(R)/1–4
D. Djukic, J.M. van Ruitenbeek: Unpublished
H. Park, J. Park, A.K.L. Kim, P.L.M.E. E. H. Anderson A. P. Alivisatos: Nanomechanical oscillations in a single C60 transistor, Nature 407, 57–59 (2000)
T. Böhler, J. Grebing, E. Scheer: “Electronic transport through indidvidual fullerene molecules”, unpublished
B. Xu, N.J. Tao: Measurement of single-molecule resistance by repeated formation of molecular junctions, Science 302, 1221–1223 (2003)
M. Krueger, M. Buitelaar, T. Nussbaumer, L. Forro, C. Schönenberger: Electrochemical carbon nanotube field-effect transistor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1291–1293 (2001)
L. Grüter, M.T. González, R. Huber, M. Calame, C. Schönenberger: “Conductance of atomic contacts in liquid environment”, preprint, cond-mat/0401666
M. Grandbois, M. Beyer, M. Rief, H. Clausen-Schaumann, H.E. Gaub: How strong is a covalent bond?, Science 283, 1727–1729 (1999)
D. Krüger, H. Fuchs, R. Rousseau, D. Marx, M. Parinello: Pulling monatomic gold wires with single molecules: An ab initio simulation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 186 402/1–4 (2002)
P. Tamarat, A. Maali, B. Lounis, M. Orrit: Ten years of single-molecule spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 1 (2000)
H.B. Weber, J. Reichert, F. Weigend, R. Ochs, D. Beckmann, M. Mayor, R. Ahlrichs, H. v. Löhneysen: Electronic transport through single conjugated molecules, Chem. Phys. 281, 113 (2002)
F. Evers, F. Weigend, M. Köntopp: Conductance of molecular wires and transport calculations based on density-functional theory, Phys. Rev. B 69, 235411 (2004)
M. Mayor, H.B. Weber, J. Reichert, M. Elbing, C. v. Hänisch, D. Beckmann, M. Fischer: Electric current through a molecular rod - relevance of the anchor group position, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 42, 5834 (2003)
M. Mayor, C. v. Hänisch, H.B. Weber, J. Reichert, D. Beckmann, M. Fischer: A trans-Pt(ii) als single-molecule insulator, Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 41, 1183 (2002)
D. Dulić, S.J. van der Molen, T. Kudernac, H.T. Jonkman, J.J.D. de Jong, T.N. Bowden, J. van Esch, B.L. Feringa, B.J. van Wees: One-way optoelectronic switching of photochromic molecules on gold, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 207402/1–4 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van Ruitenbeek, J., Scheer, E., Weber, H.B. (2006). Contacting Individual Molecules Using Mechanically Controllable Break Junctions. In: Cuniberti, G., Richter, K., Fagas, G. (eds) Introducing Molecular Electronics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 680. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31514-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31514-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-27994-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31514-8
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)