Skip to main content

An Extended System for Labeling Graphical Documents Using Statistical Language Models

  • Conference paper
Graphics Recognition. Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives (GREC 2005)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 3926))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 609 Accesses

Abstract

This paper describes a proposed extended system for the recognition and labeling of graphical objects within architectural and engineering documents that integrates Statistical Language Models (SLMs) with shape classifiers. Traditionally used for Natural Language Processing, SLMS have been successful in such fields as Speech Recognition and Information Retrieval. There exist similarities between natural language and technical graphical data that suggest that adapting SLMs for use with graphical data is a worthwhile approach. Statistical Graphical Language Models (SGLMs) are applied to graphical documents based on associations between different classes of shape in a drawing to automate the structuring and labeling of graphical data. The SGLMs are designed to be combined with other classifiers to improve their recognition performance. SGLMs perform best when the graphical domain being examined has an underlying semantic system, that is; graphical objects have not been placed randomly within the data. A system which combines a Shape Classifier with SGLMS is described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Keyes, L., Winstanley, A.: Shape Description for Automatically Structuring Graphical Data. In: Lladós, J., Kwon, Y.-B. (eds.) GREC 2003. LNCS, vol. 3088, pp. 256–264. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Jelinek, F.: Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ponte, J.M., Croft, W.B.: A Language Modeling Approach to Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of SIGIR 1988, pp. 276–281 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Manning, C.D., Schutz, H.: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jurafsky, D., Martin, J.H.: Speech and Language Processing. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bahl, L.R., Brown, P.F., de Souza, P.V., Mercer, R.L.: A Tree-based Statistical Language Model for Natural Language Speech Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing 37, 1001–1008 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shilman, M., Pasula, H., Russell, S., Newton, R.: Statistical Visual Language Models for Ink Parsing. In: AAAI Spring 2002 Symposium on Sketch Understanding (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rosenfeld, R.: Two Decades of Statistical Language Modeling: Where Do We Go From Here? Proceedings of the IEEE 88(8), 1270–1278 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Andrews, J.H.: Maps and Language, A Metaphor Extended. Cartographic Journal 27, 1–19 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Winstanley, A., Salaik, B., Keyes, L.: Statistical Language Models For Topographic Data Recognition. In: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) (July 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kittler, J., Hatef, M., Duin, R.P.W., Matas, J.: On Combing Classifiers. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20(3), 226–239 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

O’Sullivan, A., Keyes, L., Winstanley, A. (2006). An Extended System for Labeling Graphical Documents Using Statistical Language Models. In: Liu, W., Lladós, J. (eds) Graphics Recognition. Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives. GREC 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3926. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11767978_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11767978_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-34711-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-34712-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics