Abstract
This book is concerned largely with the design of policies that will be most effective at achieving large emissions cuts before 2050. However, many of the policies discussed in this book (e.g., energy efficiency standards for buildings and vehicles, incentives or requirements for reduced industrial methane emissions, and even carbon pricing) cannot, by themselves, reduce emissions to zero or below.
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Notes
- 1.
“Global Carbon Budget 2017” (Global Carbon Project, 2017), http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/17/files/GCP-CarbonBudget-2017.pdf.
- 2.
Nicolette Fox, “David Ball Group Invents Cement-Free Concrete” The Guardian (2015), https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/apr/30/david-ball-group-invents-cement-free-concrete.
- 3.
“Large-Scale CCS Facilities” (Global CCS Institute, n.d.), https://www.globalccsinstitute.com /projects/large-scale-ccs-projects.
- 4.
“Allam Power Cycle” (Wikipedia, n.d.), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam-power-cycle; and “Technology” (NetPower, n.d.), https://www.netpower.com/technology/.
- 5.
Chelsea Harvey, “We're Placing Far Too Much Hope in Pulling Carbon Dioxide out of the Air, Scientists Warn,” Washington Post (2016), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/10/13/were-placing-far-too-much-hope-in-pulling-carbon-dioxide-out-of-the-air-scientists-warn/.
- 6.
“In-Depth: Experts Assess the Feasibility of ‘Negative Emissions'” Carbon Brief (April 12, 2016), https://www.carbonbrief.org /in-depth-experts-assess-the-feasibility-of-negative -emissions.
- 7.
“Direct Air Capture of CO2 with Chemicals: A Technology Assessment of the APS Panel on Public Affairs” (American Physical Society, 2011), https://www.aps.org/policy/reports/assessments/upload/dac2011.pdf.
- 8.
Daniel Cressey, “Rock's Power to Mop Up Carbon Revisited,” Nature (2014), https://www.nature.com/news/rock-s-power-to-mop-up-carbon-revisited-1.14560.
- 9.
“Limestone: What Is Limestone and How Is It Used?” (Geology.com, n.d.), https://geology.com/rocks/limestone.shtml.
- 10.
Cressey, “Rock's Power to Mop Up Carbon Revisited.”
- 11.
Suzanne J.T. Hangx and Christopher J. Spiers, “Coastal Spreading of Olivine to Control Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations: A Critical Analysis of Viability”' International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3, no. 6 (December 2009): 757-67, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750583609000656?via%3Dihub.
- 12.
“Iron Fertilization” (Wikipedia, n.d.), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-fertilization.
- 13.
“The Importance of Phytoplankton” (NASA, n.d.), https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Phytoplankton/page2.php.
- 14.
Ibid.
- 15.
Columbia University, “Seeding Iron in the Pacific May Not Pull Carbon from Air as Thought” (Phys.org, 2016), https://phys.org/news/2016-03-seeding-iron-pacific-carbon-air.html.
- 16.
“Biofuels versus Gasoline: The Emissions Gap Is Widening” (Environmental and Energy Study Institute, 2016), http://www.eesi.org/articles/view/biofuels-versus-gasoline-the-emissions-gap-is-widening.
- 17.
Eric Wesoff, “Hard Lessons from the Great Algae Biofuel Bubble” Green Tech Media (2017), https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/lessons-from-the-great-algae-biofuel-bubble.
- 18.
“Why Solar Fuels?” (Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, n.d.), https://solarfuelshub.org/why-solar-fuels/.
- 19.
“World's First Hydrogen-Powered Cruise Ship Scheduled” (Maritime Executive, 2017) , https://maritime-executive.com/article/worlds-first-hydrogen-powered-cruise-ship -scheduled.
- 20.
Marua Judkis, “Could Congress Put Horsemeat Back on the Menu in America?,” The Washington Post (2017), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2017/07/14/could-congress-put-horsemeat-back-on-the-menu-in-america/?utm-term=.e6a378a50382.
- 21.
“Geoengineering” (The Keith Group at Harvard University, n.d.), https://keith.seas.harvard.edu/geoengineering.
- 22.
Ibid.
- 23.
Hashem Akbari et al., “The Long-Term Effect of Increasing the Albedo of Urban Areas,” Environmental Research Letters (2012), http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024004/meta.
- 24.
“WG2 Chapter 14: Adaptation” (IPCC, 2015), https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap14-FINAL.pdf.
- 25.
Melita Sunjic, “Top UNHCR Official Warns about Displacement from Climate Change” (UNHCR, 2008), http://www.unhcr.org/493e9bd94.html.
- 26.
Jessica Benko, “How a Warming Planet Drives Human Migration,” The New York Times (2017), https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/magazine/how-a-warming-planet-drives-human-migration.html.
- 27.
Michael Werz and Laura Conley, “Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict: Tackling Complex Crisis Scenarios in the 21st Century,” American Progress (2012), https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2012/01/pdf/climate-migration.pdf.
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© 2018 Hal Harvey, Robbie Orvis, and Jeffrey Rissman
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Harvey, H., Orvis, R., Rissman, J. (2018). Policies for a Post-2050 World. In: Designing Climate Solutions. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-957-9_16
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