Abstract
Knowing that companies can leverage high-quality biodiversity efforts to meet a business challenge is an important starting point for a conversation about corporate conservation. Understanding that many other factors will influence the effort is essential to sustaining such engagements in the private sector.
Understanding the systemic complexity helps form a realistic view of one’s role in it.
—CHRISTINE BADER, THE EVOLUTION OF A CORPORATE IDEALIST
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Notes
- 1.
Ontario Environment and Energy Ministry, “Jefferson Salamander and Jefferson-Dependent Unisexual Ambystoma Recovery Strategy,” https://www.ontario.ca/page/jefferson-salamander-and-jefferson-dependent-unisexual-ambystoma-recovery-strategy.
- 2.
Albert Charlier and Helene Soyer Nogueira, “Protection of Biodiversity: Companies Need to Take Action as Scores Remain Quite Limited,” Vigeo Eiris, May 2019, http://www.vigeo-eiris.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/VigeoEiris-UN-Biodiv-day-22-05-19.pdf.
- 3.
C. Schmitz-Hoffmann et al., Voluntary Standards Systems (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2014).
- 4.
Ben Phalan et al., “Avoiding Impacts on Biodiversity through Strengthening the First Stage of the Mitigation Hierarchy,” Oryx 52, no. 2 (2018): 316–24, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605316001034.
- 5.
S. Clare et al., “Where Is the Avoidance in the Implementation of Wetland Law and Policy?” Wetlands Ecology and Management 19 (2011): 165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-011-9209-3.
- 6.
J. W. Bull et al., “Biodiversity Offsets in Theory and Practice,” Oryx 47, no. 3 (2013): 369–80, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060531200172X.
- 7.
Hugo J. Rainey et al., “A Review of Corporate Goals of No Net Loss and Net Positive Impact on Biodiversity,” Oryx 49, no. 2 (2015): 232–38, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001476.
- 8.
Robert Costanza et al., “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital,” Nature 387 (1997): 253–60.
- 9.
George Monbiot, “The UK Government Wants to Put a Price on Nature—but That Will Destroy It,” The Guardian, May 15, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/15/price-natural-world-destruction-natural-capital.
- 10.
Sandra DĂaz, Josef Settele, Eduardo BrondĂzio, “Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,” Inter-governmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2019, https://www.ipbes.net/global-assessment-biodiversity-ecosystem-services.
- 11.
Paolo Nunes and Jeroen van den Bergh, “Economic Valuation of Biodiversity: Sense or Nonsense?” Ecological Economics 39, no. 2 (2001): 203–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00233-6.
- 12.
See the Global Environmental Facility website on natural capital and ecosystem service valuation: https://www.thegef.org/topics/natural-capital-and-ecosystem-services-valuation.
- 13.
T. Smith, P. Addison, M. Smith, and L. Beagley, Mainstreaming International Biodiversity Goals for the Private Sector: Main Report & Case Studies, JNCC Report no. 613 (Peterborough, UK: JNCC, 2018), http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/Report_613_Full-Report_Final_v2_WEB.pdf.
- 14.
Ibid.
- 15.
Governance and Accountability Institute, “85% of S&P 500 Index Companies Publish Sustainability Reports in 2017,” https://www.gainstitute.com/press-releases/article/flash-report-85-of-sp-500-indexR-companies-publish-sustainability-reports-in-2017.html.
- 16.
Giovanna Michelon et al., “CSR Reporting Practices and the Quality of Disclosure: An Empirical Analysis,” Critical Perspectives on Accounting 33 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2014.10.003.
- 17.
Smith et al., Mainstreaming International Biodiversity Goals.
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
Ibid.
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© 2020 Margaret O’Gorman
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O’Gorman, M. (2020). Scale and Perspective. In: Strategic Corporate Conservation Planning. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-941-8_3
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