Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding physiological responses of marine organisms to climate change (Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Somero, 2011) and in projecting future responses of individual species (Chown and Gaston, 2008; Helmuth, 2009). Key to this understanding are findings that indicate that multiple climate-related and non-climate-related stressors interact in their impacts on marine organisms, and that physiological responses to these stressors can be highly variable across species and life-history stages.
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Helmuth, B. et al. (2013). Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms. In: Griffis, R., Howard, J. (eds) Oceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate. NCA Regional Input Reports. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_3
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