Abstract
Models of daily energy requirement can help to establish better and more profitable feeding programs for poultry. Studies have been conducted at UNESP-Jaboticabal-Brazil with the aim of studying energy utilization in broiler breeders, laying hens, and broilers, and to establish metabolisable energy requirement models. The factorial approach was used to partition the energy requirements into maintenance, growth, and production components. The resulting models consider body weight, weight gain, egg production, and environmental temperature for the determination of the energy requirements of poultry. These models were evaluated in performance trials and provided good estimates. Therefore, they can be used to establish nutritional programs. The aim of this chapter is to describe the development of these models and to outline the results of our studies at UNESP.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Birkett, S. and Lange K., 2001. Limitations of conventional models and a conceptual framework for a nutrient fow representation of energy utilization by animals. British Journal of Nutrition 86:647–659.
Black, J.L., 2000. Modelling growth and lactation in pigs. In: Theodorou, M.K. and France, J. (eds.) Feeding systems and feed evaluation models. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, pp.363–391.
Blaxter, K.L., 1972. Fasting metabolism and energy required by animals for maintenance. In: Festskrift til Knud Breirem, Mariendals Boktrykkeri A.S., Gjovik, Norway, pp.19–36.
Chwalibog, A., 1985. Studies on energy metabolism in laying hens. Institute of Animal Science, Denmark, 190 pp.
Chwalibog, A., 1991. Energetics of animal production. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica 41:147–160.
Chwalibog, A., 1992. Factorial estimation of energy requirements for egg production. Poultry Science 71:509–515.
Emmans, G.C., 1974. The effect of temperature on performance of laying hens. In: Morris, T.R. and Freeman, B.M. (eds.), Energy requirements of poultry. British Poultry Science, Edinburgh, UK, pp.79–90.
Fisher, C. and Gous, R.M., 2009. Protein and amino acid responses. In: Hocking, P. (ed.), Biology of breeding poultry. British Poultry Science Symposium Series, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp.331–360.
Johnson, R.J. and Farrell, D.J., 1983. Energy metabolism of groups of broiler breeders in open-circuit respiration chambers. British Poultry Science 24:439–453.
Kielanowski, J., 1965. Estimates of the energy cost of protein deposition in growing animals. In: Blaxter K.L. (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on energy metabolism. Academic Press, London, UK, pp.13–20.
Kielanowski, J., 1966. Conversion of energy and the chemical composition of gain bacon pigs. Animal Production 8:121–128.
Leeson, S. and Summers, J.D., 1997. Commercial poultry nutrition, 2nd ed., Guelph, Canada, 350 pp.
Longo, F.A., Sakomura, N.K., Rabello, C.B., Figueiredo, A.N. and Fernandes, J.B.K., 2006. Exigências energéticas para mantença e para o crescimento de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35:119–125.
MacLeod, M.G., Jewitt, T.R., White J., Verbrugge, M. and Mitchell, M.A., 1982. The contribution of locomotion activity to energy expenditure in the domestic fowl. In: Ekern, A. and Sundstol S. (eds.), Energy metabolism of farm animals. The Agricultural University of Norway, pp.297–300.
Neme, R., Sakomura, N.K., Fialho, F.B., Freitas, E.R. and Fukayama, E.H., 2005. Modelling energy utilization for laying type pullets. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 7:39–46.
Nesheim, M.C., Austic, R.E. and Card, L.E., 1990. Poultry production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 399 pp.
NRC (National Research Council), 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th ed. National academy of sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
NRC (National Research Council), 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th edition. National academy of sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Peguri, A. and Coon, C.N., 1988. Development and evaluation of prediction equations for metabolizable energy and true metabolizable energy intake for Dekalb XL-Link White Leghorn hen. In: Proceeding of Minnesota nutrition conference and Degussa technology symposium. Bloming, USA, pp.199–211.
Pomar, C.D., Harris, L. and Minvielle, F., 1991. Computer simulation model of swine production systems. 1. Modeling the growth of young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 69:1468–1488.
Rabello, C.B., Sakomura, N.K., Longo, F.A. and Resende, K.T., 2004. Efeito da temperatura ambiente e do sistema de criação sobre as exigências de energia metabolizável para mantença de aves reprodutoras pesadas. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33:382–390.
Rabello, C.B., Sakomura, N.K., Longo, F.A., Couto, H.P., Pacheco, C.R. and Fernandes, J.B.K., 2006. Modelling energy utilization in broiler breeder hens. British Poultry Science 47:622–631.
Sakomura, N.K. and Rostagno, H.S., 1993. Determinação das equações de predição da exigência nutricional de energia para matrizes pesadas e galinhas poedeiras. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 22:723–731.
Sakomura, N.K., Silva, R., Couto, H.P., Coon, C. and Pacheco, C.R., 2003. Modelling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets. Poultry Science 82:419–427.
Sakomura, N.K., Basaglia, R., Sa-Fortes, C.M.L. and Fernandes, J.B.K., 2005a. Modelos para estimar as exigências de energia metabolizável para poedeiras, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34:575–583.
Sakomura, N.K., Longo, F.A., Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., Boa-Viagem, C. and Ferraudo, A., 2005b. Modeling energy utilization and growth parameter description for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 84:1363–1369.
Sakomura, N.K., Basaglia, R., Fernandes, J.B.K., Resende, K.T. and Sa-Fortes, C.M.L., 2005c. Avaliação dos modelos para determinar exigências energéticas de poedeiras, Acta Scientiarum 27:349–354.
Spratt, R.S., Bayley, H.S., Mcbride, B.W. and Leeson, S., 1990. Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens. 1. The partition of dietary energy intake. Poultry Science 65:1339–1347.
Wenk, C., 1997. Summary of the discussion. Energy metabolism of farm animals. In: McCracken, K.J., Unsworth, E.F. and Wylie, A.R.G. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th symposium on energy metabolism, Newcastle, Co. Down, Northern Ireland. University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp.265–267.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Wageningen Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sakomura, N.K., Fernandes, J.B.K., Resende, K.T., Rabello, C.B.V., Longo, F., Neme, R. (2011). Modelling energy utilization in poultry. In: Sauvant, D., Van Milgen, J., Faverdin, P., Friggens, N. (eds) Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-712-7_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-712-7_33
Publisher Name: Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen
Online ISBN: 978-90-8686-712-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)
