Abstract
The Nb doped BaTiO3 ceramics, with different Nb2O5 content, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 at.% Nb, is investigated regarding their microstructure and electrical characteristics in this paper. The Nb/BaTiO3 ceramics is prepared by the conventional solid state reaction and sintered at 1320 °C in an air atmosphere for 2 h. As acceptor dopant Mn in concentration of 0.01 mol% is added. For low doped samples (0.5 mol% Nb), the characteristic is homogeneous and fine grained microstructure with grain size from 0.5 to 2 μm. Increasing the additive content results in the grain size increasing so that the samples doped with 2.0 mol% Nb the average grain size reaches 10 μm. The dielectric characteristic of Nb doped BaTiO3 ceramics like dielectric constant, dissipation factor and resistivity have been measured by using LCR-Meter Agilent 4284A in the frequency range 20 Hz–1 MHz and Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer for high frequency measurements (1 MHz–3 GHz). Dielectric constant and tangent losses after initial large values remains nearly independent of frequency greater than 10 kHz. Dielectric measurements were carried out as a function of temperature up to 180 °C. The low doped samples (0.5Nb/BaTiO3) sintered at 1320 °C, display the high value of dielectric permittivity at room temperature, ε r = 3225. A nearly flat permittivity-temperature response is obtained in specimens with 2.0 at.% additive content. The Curie–Weiss and modified Curie–Weiss law is used to clarify the influence of dopant on the dielectric properties and BaTiO3 phase transformation. All investigated samples have an electrical resistivity ρ > 106 Ωcm at room temperature. New aspect here is fractal correction, introduced as slight variation of temperature T entered from outside, due to three fractal factors α S , α P and α M being responsible for complex geometry of both morphologic and dynamic nature. This correction, naturally has impact on the Curie–Weiss low, which is stressed in this paper.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
H. Kishi, N. Kohzu, J. Sugino, H. Ohsato, Y. Iguchi, T. Okuda, The effect of rare-earth (La, Sm, Dy, Ho and Er) and Mg on the microstructure in BaTiO3. J. E. Ceram. Soc. 19, 1043–1046 (1999)
D.H. Kuo, C.H. Wang, W.P. Tsai, Donor and acceptor cosubstituted BaTiO3 for nonreducible multilayer ceramic capacitors. Ceram. Int. 32, 1–5 (2006)
J. Qi, Z. Gui, Y. Wang, Q. Zhu, Y. Wu, L. Li, PTCR effect in BaTiO3 ceramics modified by donor dopant. Ceram. Int. 28, 141–143 (2002)
M. Wegmann, R. Bronnimann, F. Clemens, T. Graule, Barium titanate-based PTCR thermistor fibers: processing and properties. Sens. Actuators A: Phys. 135(2), 394–404 (2007)
Lj. Zivkovic, V. Paunovic, N. Stamenkov, M. Miljkovic, The effect of secondary abnormal grain growth on the dielectric properties of La/Mn Co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics. Sci. Sinter. 38, 273–281 (2006)
X. Wang, H. Chan, C. Choy, Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect in niobium-doped barium titanate ceramics obtained at low sintering temperature, J. E. Ceram. Soc, 24, 1227–1231, (2004)
E. Brzozowski, M.S. Castro, Influence of Nb5+ and Sb3+ dopants on the defect profile, PTCR effect and GBBL characteristics of BaTiO3 ceramics, J. E. Ceram. Soc. 24, [8], 2499–2507, (2004)
M.N. Rahaman, R. Manalert, Grain boundary mobility of BaTiO3 doped with aliovalent cations, J. E. Ceram. Soc. 18, 1063–1071, (1998)
E. Brzozowski, M.S. Castro, C.R. Foschini, B.D. Stojanovic, Secundary phase in Nb-doped BaTiO3 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 28, 773–777 (2002)
Lj. Živkovic, V. Paunovic, M. Miljkovic, M.M. Ristic, Microstructure evolution and dielectric properties of Nb/Mn and Dy/mn doped barium titanate ceramics, in Recent Developments in Advanced Materials and Processes. Materials Science Forum, vol. 518 (2006), pp. 229–234
R. Zhang, J.F. Li, D. Viehland, Effect of aliovalent substituents on the ferroelectric properties of modified barium titanate ceramics: relaxor ferroelectric behavior. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87, 864–870 (2004)
F.D. Morrison, A.M. Coats, D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, Charge compensation mechanisms in La-doped BaTiO3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. vol.6 [3], (2001), pp. 219–232
H. Kishi, N. Kohzu, Y. Iguchi, J. Sugino, M. Kato, H. Ohasato, T. Okuda, Occupation sites and dielectric properties of rare-earth and Mn substituted BaTiO3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21, 1643–1647 (2001)
H. Miao, M. Dong, G. Tan, Y. Pu, Doping effects of Dy and Mg on BaTiO3 ceramics prepared by hydrothermal method. J. Electroceram. 16, 297–300 (2006)
K. Albertsen, D. Hennings, O. Steigelmann, Donor-acceptor charge complex formation in barium titanate ceramics: role of firing atmosphere. J. Electroceram. 2(3), 193–198 (1998)
K. Uchino, S. Namura, Critical exponents of the dielectric constants in diffuse-phase transition crystals. Ferroelectr. Lett. 44, 55–61 (1982)
V.V. Mitić, V. Paunović, Lj. Kocić, Dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics and Curie-Weiss and modified Curie-Weiss affected by fractal morphology, ed. by T. Ohji, M. Singh, S. Mathur in Advanced Processing and Manyfacturing Technologies for Nanostructured and Multifunctional Materials. Ceramic Engi-neering and Science Proceedings, vol. 35(6), (2014), pp. 123–133
V.V. Mitić, V. Paunović, J. Purenović, S. Janković, Lj Kocić, I. Antolović, D. Rančić, The contribution of fractal nature to BaTiO3-ceramics microstructure analysis. Ceram. Int. 38(2), 1295–1301 (2012)
Lj. Kocić, Powder materials as fractal objects. Advanced Ceramics and Applications II: New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing, Belgrade, 30th September–1st October (2013)
Acknowledgment
This research is a part of the Project “Directed synthesis, structure and properties of multifunctional materials” (172057). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development for this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Atlantis Press and the author(s)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Paunović, V., Marjanović, M., Đorđević, M., Mitić, V.V., Kocić, L. (2016). Electrical Characteristics of Nb Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics. In: Lee, W., Gadow, R., Mitic, V., Obradovic, N. (eds) Proceedings of the III Advanced Ceramics and Applications Conference. Atlantis Press, Paris. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-157-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-157-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Atlantis Press, Paris
Print ISBN: 978-94-6239-156-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-6239-157-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)