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The Southern End of the Pacific Ring of Fire: Quaternary Volcanism in New Zealand

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Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand

Part of the book series: Atlantis Advances in Quaternary Science ((AAQS,volume 3))

Abstract

Quaternary volcanism has played a major role in landscape formation and sedimentation in New Zealand. Every part of New Zealand’s North Island, much of the South Island, and the surrounding oceans, have been impacted by volcanic eruptions to some degree. Determining the eruption history of volcanoes is critical for assessing future hazards and risk to society. From a Quaternary studies perspective, volcanic deposits provide some of the best materials for establishing the numeric chronology of sediment archives in which they are intercalated. In addition, explosive eruptions are capable of producing widespread tephra layers that are effectively instantaneous events allowing correlation between the terrestrial, ice, lacustrine and marine realms. Such markers facilitate the construction of stratigraphic frameworks, thus temporally constraining tectonic and climatic events. In the terms of magma productivity and eruption frequency, the locus of Quaternary volcanism in New Zealand is the central North Island, referred to as the Taupo Volcanic Zone. It represents the continuation of the Tonga-Kermadec oceanic subduction system into continental lithosphere of New Zealand. The volcanism has produced large rhyolite calderas and ignimbrite sheets, and andesitc-dacitic stratovolcanoes. Some Quaternary volcanism has no genetic link to subduction. Long-lived intra-plate basalt fields occur far from plate boundaries over northern New Zealand, and in a few other isolated locations. Their occurrence is poorly understood because there is no relationship to rifting or evidence for plume-like phenomena beneath New Zealand.

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  1. School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Phil Shane

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  1. Geography, Planning and Env. Management, University of Queensland Geography, Planning and Env. Management, St Lucia, Australia

    James Shulmeister

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Shane, P. (2017). The Southern End of the Pacific Ring of Fire: Quaternary Volcanism in New Zealand. In: Shulmeister, J. (eds) Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand. Atlantis Advances in Quaternary Science , vol 3. Atlantis Press, Paris. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_2

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