Abstract
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) usually has stereotyped manifestations and is easy to recognize. It is clearly a medical and neurologic emergency, and many protocols or regimens have been advanced for its treatment. Many neurologists believe strongly that having a treatment protocol, or at least a plan in mind, facilitates treatment and promotes better results. This is not so straightforward with nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ. Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1994;35:27–34.
Waterhouse EJ, Vaughan JK, Barnes TY, Boggs JG, Towne AR, Kopec-Garnett L, DeLorenzo RJ. Synergistic effect of status epilepticus and ischemic brain injury on mortality. Epilepsy Res 1998;29:175–183.
Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2003;61:1066–1073.
Lowenstein DH, Shimosaka S, So YT, Simon RP. The relationship between electrographic seizure activity and neuronal injury. Epilepsy Res 1991;10:49–54.
Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Semin Neurol 1996;16:33–40.
Andermann F, Robb JP. Absence status: a reappraisal following review of thirty-eight patients. Epilepsia 1972;13:177–187.
Schwab RS. A case of status epilepticus in petit mal. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1953;5:441–442.
Agathonikou A, Panayiotopoulos CP, Giannakodimos S, Koutroumanidis M. Typical absence status in adults: diagnostic and syndromic considerations. Epilepsia 1998;39:1265–1276.
Shorvon S. The management of status epilepticus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:ii22–27.
Kaplan PW. Intravenous valproate treatment of generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Clin Electroencephalogr 1999;30:1–4.
Thomas P, Beaumanoir A, Genton P, Dolisi C, Chatel M. “De novo” absence status of late onset: report of 11 cases. Neurology 1992;42:104–110.
Osorio I, Reed RC, Peltzer JN. Refractory idiopathic absence status epilepticus: a probable paradoxical effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Epilepsia 41;2000:887–894.
Berkovic SF, Andermann F, Guberman A, Hipola D, Bladin PF. Valproate prevents the recurrence of absence status. Neurology 1989;39:1294–1297.
Ballenger CE, King DW, Gallagher BB. Partial complex status epilepticus. Neurology 1983;33:1545–1552.
Kaplan PW. Prognosis in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. In: Jallon P, ed. Prognosis of Epilepsies. Paris: John Libbey Eurotext; 2003:311–325.
Williamson PD. Complex partial status epilepticus. In: Engel J, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:681–699.
Engel J, Ludwig, BI, Fetell M. Prolonged partial complex status epilepticus: EEG and behavioral observations. Neurology 1978;28:863–869.
Mayeux R, Lueders H. Complex partial status epilepticus: case report and proposal for diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1978;28:957–961.
Markand ON, Wheeler Gl, Pollack SL. Complex partial status epilepticus (psychomotor status). Neurology 1978;28:189–196.
Tomson T, Lindbom U, Nilsson BY. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults: thirty-two consecutive patients from a general hospital population. Epilepsia 1992;33:829–835.
Thomas P, Barres P, Chatel M. Complex partial status epilepticus of extratemporal origin; report of a case. Neurology 1991;41:1147–1149.
Thomas P, Zifkin B, Migneco O, Lebrun C, Darcourt J, Andermann F. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus of frontal origin. Neurology 1999;52:1174–1183.
Cockerell OC, Walker MC, Sander JWAS, Shorvon SD. Complex partial status epilepticus: a recurrent problem. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:835–837.
McBride MC, Dooling EC, Oppenheimer EY. Complex partial status epilepticus in young children. Ann Neurol 1981;9:526–530.
Martinez-Rodriquez JE, Barriga FJ, Santamaria J, Iranzo A, Pareja JA, Revilla M, dela Rosa CR. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated with cephalosporins in patients with renal failure. Am J Med 2001;111:115–119.
Guberman A, Cantu-Reyna G, Stuss D, Broughton R. Nonconvulsive generalized status epilepticus: clinical features, neuropsychological testing, and long-term follow-up. Neurology 1986;36:1284–1291.
Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia 1996;37:643–650.
Lee SI. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Ictal confusion in later life. Arch Neurol 1985;42:778–781.
Stores G, Zaiwalla Z, Styles E, Hoshika A. Non-convulsive status epilepticus. Arch Dis Child 1995;73:106–111.
Dunne JW, Summers QA, Stewart-Wynne EG. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective study in an adult general hospital. Q J Med 1987;62:117–126.
Granner MA, Lee SI. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: EEG analysis in a large series. Epilepsia 1994;35:42–47.
Chow KM, Wang AY, Hui CF, Wong TY, Szeto CC, Li PK. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:400–405.
Panayiotopoulos CP, Agathonikou A, Sharoqi IA, Parker APJ. Vigabatrin aggravates absences and absence status. Neurology 1997;49:1467.
Ettinger AB, Bernal OG, Andriola MR, Bagchi S, Flores P, Just C, Pitocco C, Rooney T, Tuominen J, Devinsky O. Two cases of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in association with tiagabine therapy. Epilepsia 1999;40:1159–1162.
Shinnar S, Berg AT, Treiman DT, Hauser WA, Hesdorffer DC, Sackellares JC, Leppik I, Sillanpaa M, Sommerville KW. Status epilepticus and tiagabine therapy: review of safety data and epidemiologic comparisons. Epilepsia 2001;42:372–379.
Fagan KJ, Lee SI. Prolonged confusion following convulsions due to generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 1990;40:1689–1694.
Tomson T, Svanborg E, Wedlund JE. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: High incidence of complex partial status. Epilepsia 1986;27:276–285.
Fountain NB, Waldman WA. Effect of benzodiazepines on triphasic waves. Implications for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 2001;18:345–352.
Drislane FW, Schomer DL. Anticonvulsant medication use in patients with continuous epileptiform discharges. Clin Neuropharm 1994;17:165–174.
Towne AR, Garnett LK, Waterhouse EJ, Morton LD, DeLorenzo RJ. The use of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus. Neurology 2003;60:332–334.
Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Bates JE, Thompson TB, Mayer SA. Continuous EEG monitoring and midazolam infusion for rerfractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2001;57:1036–1042.
So EL, Ruggles KH, Ahmann PA, Trudeau SK, Weatherford KJ, Trenerry MR. Clinical significance and outcome of subclinical status epilepticus in adults. J Epilepsy 1995;8:11–15.
Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D. EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res 1994;18:155–166.
Krishnamurthy KB, Drislane FW. Relapse and survival after barbiturate anesthetic treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1996;37:863–867.
Sinha S, Naritoku DK. Intravenous valproate is well tolerated in unstable patients with status epilepticus. Neurology 2000;55:722–724.
Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH, Mullen PD, Weiss H, Ryan DD, Henry TR. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the critically ill elderly. Epilepsia 1998;39:1194–1202.
Bleck TP. Management approaches to prolonged seizures and status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1999;40(suppl 1):59–63.
Kaplan PW. Assessing the outcomes in patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: nonconvulsive status epilepticus is underdiagnosed, potentially overtreated, and confounded by comorbidity. J Clin Neurophysiol 1999;16:341–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Drislane, F.W. (2005). Treatment of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. In: Drislane, F.W. (eds) Status Epilepticus. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-945-1:299
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-945-1:299
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-355-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-945-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)