Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuropsychological Performance in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Chapter
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

  • 2113 Accesses

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, impulsivity, and overactivity; it is estimated to affect 5–10% of children and adolescents and 3–4% of adults (1,2). ADHD was previously considered a disorder of childhood; however, follow-up studies suggest that the majority of individuals continue to exhibit ADHD symptoms throughout adolescence and adulthood. Longitudinal studies also indicate that these individuals are at greater risk for academic, social, and behavioral difficulties during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, as well as psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., antisocial behavior, drug use, mood disorders) (3–7). Relative to what is known about ADHD in children and adolescents, less empirical information is available concerning ADHD in adults. In fact, some researchers have questioned the validity of adult ADHD and have asserted that ADHD typically remits in adulthood (8). Many others, however, disagree with this notion and attest to the persistence of ADHD throughout adolescence and adulthood (9,10). Recently Faraone et al. (11) sought to determine whether ADHD is a valid disorder in adulthood, using the validity criteria of Robins and Guze (12). Faraone et al. reviewed clinical, family, psychopharmacological, neurobiological, and adult ADHD outcome studies and concluded that adult ADHD is a valid disorder, although the authors emphasized that additional studies are needed to clarify the specific nature of ADHD in adulthood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., revised). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wender PH, Wolf LE, Wasserstein J. Adults with ADHD: an overview. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;931:1–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Age dependent decline of ADHD symptoms revisited: impact of remission definition and symptom subtype. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:816–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fischer M, Barkley RA. Childhood ADHD and later antisocial behavior and drug use. The ADHD Report 2003;11:6–111.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mannuzza S, Klein, RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:565–576.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mannuzza S, Klein RG, MoultonIII JL. Young adult outcome of children with “situational” hyper-activity: a prospective, controlled follow-up study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2002;30:191–198.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Murphy K, Barkley R. Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: implications for clinical diagnosis. J Attention Disord 1996;1:147–161.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hill J, Schoener E. Age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperativity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1143–1146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Barkley RA. Age dependent decline in ADHD: true recovery or statistical illusion. The ADHD Report 1997;5:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barkley RA. International consensus statement on ADHD. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2002;5:89–111.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer T, Wilens T, Seidman LJ, Mick E, Doyle AE. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: an overview. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:9–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1970;126:983–987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sherman DK, Iacono, WG, McGue MK. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder dimensions: a twin study of inattention and impulsivity-hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:745–753.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Willcutt EG, Pennington BF, DeFries JC. Etiology of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in a community sample of twins with learning difficulties. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2000;28:149–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Faraone SV, Biederman J. Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:951–958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Burt AS, Krueger RF, McGue M, Iacono W. Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: the importance of shared environment. J Abnorm Psychol 2001;110;516–525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mostofsky SH, Reiss AL, Lockhart P, Denckla MB. Evaluation of cerebellar size in attention-deficit hyperactivity disroder. J Child Neurol 1998;9:434–439.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Marsh WL, et al. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:607–616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Castellanos FX, Lee PP, Sharp W, et al. Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 2002;288:1740–1748.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, Casey BJ, et al. Quantitative morphology of corpus callosum in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:665–669.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hynd GW, Semrud-Clikeman M, Lorys AR, Novey ES, Eliopulos D, Lyytinen H. Corpus callo-sum morphology in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J Learn Dis 1991;24:141–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lyoo KI, Noam GG, Lee CK, Lee HK, Kennedy BP, Renshaw PF. The corpus callosum and lateral ventricles in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a brain magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:1060–1063.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Halperin J, Newcorn JH, Kopstein I, et al. Serotonin, aggression, and parental psychopathology in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child and Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1391–1398.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lou HC, Henrikson L, Bruhn P. Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder. Arch Neurol 1984;41:825–829.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zametkin AJ, Nordahl ET, Gross M, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1361–1366.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yeo RA, Hill DE, Campbell RA, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the right frontal lobe in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:303–310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Teicher MH, Anderson CM, Glod CA, Maas LC, Renshaw PF. Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder shown with functional magnetic resonance imaging relaxomety. Nat Med 2000;6:470–474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Teeter PA, Semrud-Clikeman M. Integrating neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral paradigms: a transactional model for the study of ADHD. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1995;10:433–461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Stefanatos GA, Wasserstein J. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a right hemisphere syndrome: selective literature review and detailed neuropsychological case studies. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;931:172–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Berquin PC, Giedd JN, Jacobsen LK et al. Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a morphometric MRI study. Neurology 1998;50:1087–1093.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. LaHoste GJ, Swanson JM, Wigal SB, et al. Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 1996;1:121–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lou HC. Etiology and pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): significance of prematurity and perinatal hypoxic-haemodynamic encephalopahthy. Acta Pediatrics 1996;85:1266–1271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Swanson J, Castellanos FX, Murias M, LaHoste G, Kennedy J. Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1998;8:263–271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Stuss DT. Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain Cogn 1992;20:3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fletcher JM. Executive functions in children: introduction to the special series. Dev Neuropsychol 1996;12:1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pliszka SR. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Steven R. Pliszka’s Neuroscience for the mental health clinician. New York: Guilford Press, 2003:143–144.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wender PH. Minimal brain dysfunction in children. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Satterfield JH, Dawson ME. Electrodermal correlates of hyperactivity in children. Psychophysiology 1971;8:191–197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mattes J. The role of frontal lobe dysfunction in childhood hyperkinesis. Compr Psychiatry 1980;5:358–369.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bianchi L. The mechanism of the brain and the function of the frontal lobes. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1922.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Luria A. Hiher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Goldman-Rakic P. Development of cortical circuitry and cognitive function. Child Dev 1987;58:601–622.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Cohen JD, Forman SD, Braver TS, et al. Activation of the prefrontal cortex in nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI. Human Brain Mapping 1994;1:293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Carter CS, Braver TS, Barch DM, Botvinic MM, Noll D, Cohen JD. Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and online monitoring of performance. Science 1998;280:747–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lou HC, Henrikson L, Bruhn P. Focal cerebral dysfunction in developmental learning disabilities. Lancet 1990;335:8–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Amen DG, Paldi JH, Thisted RA. Brain SPECT imaging. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32:1080–1081.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rubia K, Overmeyer S, Taylor E, et al. Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:891–896.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Vaidya CJ, Austin G, Kirkorian Ridlehuber HW, Desmond JE, Glover GH, Gabrieli JDE. Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:14,494–14,499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Welsh MC, Pennington BF, Groisser, BB. A normative-developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children. Dev Neuropsychol 1991;7:131–149.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Christ SE, White DA, Brunstrom JE, Abrams RA. Inhibitory control following perinatal brain injury. Neuropsychol 2003;17:171–178.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Pennington BF, Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1996;37:51–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Channon S, Pratt P, Robertson MM. Executive function, memory, and learning in Tourette’s syndrome. Neuropsychol 2003;17:247–254.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Klorman R, Hael-Fernandez GA, Shaywitz SE, et al. Executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:1148–1155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Koss E, Weiffenback JM, Haxby JV, Friedland RP. Olfactory detection and identification performance are dissociated in early alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1988;38:1288–1232.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Arnett PA, Rao S, Grafman J, et al. Executive functions in multiple sclerosis: an analysis of temporal ordering, semantic encoding, and planning abilities. Neuropsychol 1997;11:535–544.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dery M, Toupin J, Pauze R, Mercier H, Fortin L. Neuropsychological characteristics of adolescents with conduct disorder: association with attention-deficit-hyperactivity and aggression. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1999;27:225–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Weyandt LL. Executive function in children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD: introduction to the special issue. Dev Neuropsychol 2004;27; in press.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Fischer M, Barkley RA, Edelbrock CS, Smallish L. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: II. academic, attentional, and neuropsychological status. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;5:580–588.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Weber W, and Ouellette C. Toward defining a neuropsychology of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Performance of children and adolescents from a large clinically referred sample. Consult Clini Psychol, 1997;65:150–160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Doyle AE, Biederman J, Seidman LJ, Weber W, Faraone S V. Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000;68:477–488.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hinshaw SP, Carte ET, Sami N, Treuting JJ, Zupan BA. Preadolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. neuropsychological performance in relation to subtypes and individual classification. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000;70:1099–1011.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Barkley RA, Grodzinsky G, DuPaul GJ. Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: a review and research report. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1992;20:163–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Tremont G, Halpert S, Javorsky DJ, Stern RA. Differential impact of executive dysfunction on verbal list learning and story recall. Clin Neuropsychol 2000;14:295–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Weber W, Hatch M, Faraone SV. Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:260–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Tannock R. Cognitive correlates of ADHD. In: Jensen, PS, Cooper JR, eds. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: state of the science, best practices, 8-1 to 8-27. NJ: Civic Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Holdnack JA, Moberg PJ, Arnold SE, Ruben C, Gur RC, Gur RE. Speed of processing and verbal learning deficits in adults diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. Neuropsychiatr, Neuropsychol, Behav Neurol 1995;8:282–292.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, et al. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiat 1993;150:1792–1798.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Taylor CJ, Miller, DC. Neuropsychological assessment of attention in ADHD adults. J Attention Disord 1997;2:77–88.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lovejoy DW, Ball JD, Keats M, et al. Neuropsychological performance of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): diagnostic classification estimates for measures of frontal lobe/executive functioning. J Intern Neuropsychol Society 1999;5:222–233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Woods SP, Lovejoy DW, Stutts M, Ball JD, Fals-Stewart W. Comparative efficiency of discrepancy analysis for the classification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2002;17:351–369.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Gansler DA, Fucetola R, Krengel M, Stetson S, Zimering R, Makary C. Are there cognitive subtypes in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Nerv Ment Dis 1998;186:776–781.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Jenkins M, Cohen R, Malloy P, et al. Neuropsychological measures which discriminate among adults with residual symptoms of attention deficit disorder and other attentional complaints. Clin Neuropsychol 1998;12:74–83.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Katz LJ, Wood DS, Goldstein G, Auchenbach RC, Geckle M. The utility of neuropsychological tests in evaluation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus depression in adults. Assessment 1998;5:45–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Weyandt LL, Mitzlaff L, Thomas L. The relationship between intelligence and performance on the test of variables of attention (TOVA). J Learn Dis 2002;35:114–120.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Rapport LJ, Voorhis AV, Tzelepis A, Friedman SR. Executive functioning in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neuropsychol 2001;15:479–491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Silverstein SM, Como PG, Palumbo DR, West LL, Osborn LM. Multiple sources of attentional dysfunction in adults with Tourette’s syndrome: comparison with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol 1995;9:157–164.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Johnson DE, Epstein JN, Waid R, Latham PK, Voronin KE, Anton RF. Neuropsychological performance deficits in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Neuropsychol 2001;16:587–604.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Klee S, Garfinkel BD, Beauchesne RN. Attention deficits in adults. Psychiatr Ann 1986;16:52–56.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Murphy KR, Barkley RA, Bush T. Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol 2001;15:211–220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Walker AJ, Shores EA, Trollor JN, Lee T, Sachdev PS. Neuropsychological functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2000;22:115–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Denckla MB. A theory and model of executive function: a neuropsychological perspective. In: Lyon RG, Krasnegor NA, eds. Attention, memory and executive function. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, 1996:263–278.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Gualtieri CT, Ondrusek MG, Finley C. Attention deficit disorders in adults. Clin Neuropharmacol 1985;8:343–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Murphy P. Cognitive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Attention Disord 2002;5:203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Murphy P. Inhibitory control in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Attention Disord 2002;6:1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Arcia E, Gualtieri CT. Neurobehavioural performance of adults with closed-head injury, adults with attention deficit, and controls. Brain Inj 1994;8:395–404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Weyandt L, Rice JA, Linerman I, Mitzlaff L, Emert E. Neuropsychological performance of a sample of adults with ADHD, developmental reading disorder, and controls. Dev Neuropsychol 1998;14:643–656.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Himelstein J, Halperin JM. Neurocognitive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Spectrums 2000;5:58–64.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Roy-Byrne P, Scheele L, Brinkley J, et al. Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: assessment guidelines based on clinical presentation to a specialty clinic. Compr Psychiatry 1997;38:133–140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Riccio CA, Reynolds CR, Lowe PA. Clinical applications of continuous performance tests: measuring attention and impulsive responding in children and adults. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001:233–257.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Dinn WM, Robbins NC, Harris CL. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neuropsycho-logical correlates and clinical presentation. Brain Cogn 2001;46:114–121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Horton AM. Neuropsychological findings in adult attention deficit disorder: a pilot study. Appl Neuropsychol 1996;3:181–185.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Corbett B, Stanczak DE. Neuropsychological performance of adults evidencing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1999;14:373–387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Weyandt LL, Linterman I, Rice JA. Reported prevalence of attentional difficulties in a general sample of college students. J Psychopathol Behav Assessment 1995;17:293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Demakis GJ. A meta-analytic review of the sensitivity of the wisconsin card sorting test to frontal and lateralized frontal brain damage. Neuropsychol 2003;17:255–264.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Schreiber HE, Javorsky DJ, Robinson JE, Stern RA. Rey-Osterreith complex figure performance in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a validation study of the Boston qualitative scoring system. Clin Neuropsychol 1999;13:509–520.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Pennington BF, Bennetton L, McAleer O, Roberts RJ. Executive functions and working memory In:Lyon RG, Krasnegor NA, eds. Attention, memory and executive function. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes, 1996;327–348.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Downey KK, Stelson FW, Pomerleau OF, Giordani B. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: psychological test profiles in a clinical population. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997;185:32–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Epstein JN, Johnson DE, Varia IM, Conners CK. Neuropsychological assessment of response inhibition in adults with ADHD. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2001;23:362–371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Weyandt LL, Iwaszuk W, Fulton K, et al. The internal restlessness scale: performance of college students with and without ADHD. J Learn Dis 2003;36:382–389.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997;121:64–94.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Borkowski JG, Burke JE. Theories, models, and measurements of executive functioning: an information processing perspective. In: Lyon RG, Krasnegor NA, eds., Attention, memory and executive function. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes, 1996;235–261.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Welsh MC and Pennington BF. Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology. Dev Neuropsychol 1988;4:199–230.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Pennington BF. Dimensions of executive functions in normal and abnormal development. In: Krasnegor NA, Lyon RG, Goldman-Rakic PS, eds. Development of the prefrontal cortex: evolution, neurobiology, and behavior. Baltimore: Brookes 1997;265–281.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Alexander MP, Stuss DT. Disorders of frontal lobe functioning. Semin Neurol 2000;20:427–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Anderson SW, Damasio H, Jones RD, Tranel D. Wisconsin card sorting test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage. J Clin Exper Neuropsychol 1991;13,909–922.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Grodzinsky GM, Barkley RA. The predictive power of frontal lobe tests in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neuropsychol 1999;13:12–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Weyandt LL, Willis GW. Executive functions in school-aged children: potential efficacy of tasks in discriminating clinical groups. Dev Neuropsychol 1994;10:27–38.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Gallagher R, Blader J. The diagnosis and neuropsychological assessment of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: scientific study and practical guidelines. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;931:148–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Perugini EM, Harvey WA, Lovejoy DW, Sandstrom K, Webb AH. The predicitve power of combined neuropsychological measures for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Child Neuropsychol 2000;6:101–114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Kovner R, Budman C, Yitzchak F, Sison C, Lesser M, Halperin J. Neuropscychological testing in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci 1998;96:225–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Rossi JS. Statistical power of psychological research: what have we gained in 20 years? J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58:646–656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Kraemer HC, Thiemann S. How many subjects: statistical power analysis in research. CA: Sage Publications, 1987, pp. 22–29.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Piatt AL, Fields JA, Paolo AM, Troster AI. Action (verbal naming) fluency as an executive function measure: convergent and divergent evidence of validity. Neuropsychologia 1999;37:1499–1503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Barkley RA, Fischer M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. Does the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder contribute to drug use/abuse? A 13-year prospective study. Pediatrics 2003;111:97–109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Stahl SM. Essential psychopharmacology of depression and bipolar disorder. New York: Cambridge University Press 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Woods SP, Lovejoy DW, Ball JD. Neuropsychological characteristics of adults with ADHD: a comprehensive review of initial studies. Clin Neuropsychol 2002;16:12–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Heinrichs RW, Zakzanis K. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantiative review of the evidence. Neuropsychol 1998;12:426–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Hopkins J, Perlman T, Hechtman L, Weiss G. Cognitive style in adults originally diagnosed as hyperactives. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1979;20:209–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA

    Lisa Lee Weyandt PhD

Authors
  1. Lisa Lee Weyandt PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kosair Children’s Hospital, Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

    David Gozal MD

  2. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

    Dennis L. Molfese PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weyandt, L.L. (2005). Neuropsychological Performance in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Gozal, D., Molfese, D.L. (eds) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-891-9:457

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-891-9:457

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-312-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-891-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation