Abstract
Although bone is one of the few organs in the body that can heal spontaneously and restore function without scarring, it has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates that repair is not always satisfactory.Bone healing is inadequate when the loss of bone through, for example, tumor resection or traumatic injury, is extensive enough to produce a critical-sized defect.Healing may also be impaired in much smaller defects, and nonunion following fracture occurs in 5–10%of cases (1–3).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Fernandez, D. L., Ring, D., and Jupiter, J. B. (2001) Surgical management of delayed union and nonunion of distal radius fractures. J. Hand Surg. 26(2), 201–209.
Rommens, P. M., Coosemans, W., and Broos, P. L. (1989) The difficult healing of segmental fractures of the tibial shaft. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 108(4), 238–242.
Buchler, U. and Nagy, L. (1995) The issue of vascularity in fractures and non-union of the scaphoid. J. Hand Surg. [Br.] 20(6), 726–735.
Einhorn, T. A. and Lane, J. M. (1998) Fracture Healing Enhancement. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 335S, 365.
Arrington, E. D., et al. (1996) Complications of iliac crest bone graft harvesting. Clin. Orthop. 329, 300–309.
Colterjohn, N. R. and Bednar, D. A. (1997) Procurement of bone graft from the iliac crest. An operative approach with decreased morbidity. J. Bone Joint Surg. 79(5), 756–759.
Kwong, L. M., Jasty, M., and Harris, W. H. (1993) High failure rate of bulk femoral head allografts in total hip acetabular reconstructions at 10 years. J. Arthroplasty 8(4), 341–346.
Bonnarens, F. and Einhorn, T. A. (1984) Production of a standard closed fracture in laboratory animal bone. J. Orthop. Res. 2(1), 97–101.
Einhorn, T. A. (1998) The cell and molecular biology of fracture healing. Clin. Orthop. 355(Suppl), S7–S21.
Reddi, A. H. (2001) Bone morphogenetic proteins:from basic science to clinical applications. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(Suppl 1, pt 1), S1–S6.
Li, R. H. and Wozney, J. M. (2001) Delivering on the promise of bone morphogenetic proteins. Trends Biotechnol. 19(7), 255–265.
Lieberman, J. R., Daluiski, A., and Einhorn, T. A. (2002) The role of growth factors in the repair of bone. Biology and clinical applications. J. Bone Joint Surg. 84A(6), 1032–1044.
Valentin-Opran, A., et al. (2002) Clinical evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Clin. Orthop. 395, 110–120.
Salkeld, S. L., et al. (2001) The effect of osteogenic protein-1 on the healing of segmental bone defects treated with autograft or allograft bone. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(6), 803–816.
Bouxsein, M. L., et al. (2001) Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 accelerates healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(8), 1219–1230.
Uludag, H., et al. (2001) Delivery systems for BMPs:factors contributing to protein retention at an application site. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(Suppl 1, pt 2), S128–S135.
Talwar, R., et al. (2001) Effects of carrier release kinetics on bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced periodontal regeneration in vivo. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28(4), 340–347.
Niyibizi, C., et al. (1998) Potential role for gene therapy in the enhancement of fracture healing. Clin. Orthop. 355 (Suppl), S148–S153.
Lieberman, J., Ghivizzani, S., and Evans, C. (2002) Gene transfer approaches to the healing of bone and cartilage. Mol. Ther. 6(2), 141.
Lieberman, J. R. (2000) Orthopaedic gene therapy. Fracture healing and other nongenetic problems of bone. Clin. Orthop. 379(Suppl), S156–S158.
Makarov, S. S., et al. (1996) Suppression of experimental arthritis by gene transfer of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93(1), 402–406.
Baltzer, A. W. A. and Lieberman, J. (2004) Regional gene therapy to enhance bone repair. Gene Ther. 11, 344–350.
Marshall, E. (2003) Gene therapy. Second child in French trial is found to have leukemia. Science 299(5605), 320.
Evans, C. H., et al. (2004) Orthopaedic gene therapy. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. (in press).
Evans, C. H. and Robbins, P. D. (1999) Genetically augmented tissue engineering of the musculoskeletal system. Clin. Orthop. 367(Suppl), S410–S418.
Evans, C. H. and Robbins, P. D. (1995) Possible orthopaedic applications of gene therapy. J. Bone Joint Surg. 77A(7), 1103–1114.
Evans, C. H., et al. (2004) Gene therapy for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. (in press).
Oligino, T. J., et al. (2000) Vector systems for gene transfer to joints. Clin. Orthop. 379(Suppl), S17–S30.
Lieberman, J. R., et al. (1998) Regional gene therapy with a BMP-2-producing murine stromal cell line induces heterotopic and orthotopic bone formation in rodents. J. Orthop. Res. 16(3), 330–339.
Lieberman, J. R., et al. (1999) The effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bonemarrow cells on the repair of segmental femoral defects in rats. J. Bone Joint Surg. 81A(7), 905–917.
Lee, J. Y., et al. (2002) Enhancement of bone healing based on ex vivo gene therapy using human musclederived cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 2. Hum. Gene Ther. 13(10), 1201–1211.
Gysin, R., et al. (2002) Ex vivo gene therapy with stromal cells transduced with a retroviral vector containing the BMP4 gene completely heals critical size calvarial defect in rats. Gene Ther. 9(15), 991–999.
Alden, T. D., et al. (2000) The use of bone morphogenetic protein gene therapy in craniofacial bone repair. J. Craniofac. Surg. 11(1), 24–30.
Dragoo, J. L., et al. (2003) Bone induction by BMP-2 transduced stem cells derived from human fat. J. Orthop. Res. 21(4), 622–629.
Franceschi, R. T., et al. (2000) Gene therapy for bone formation:in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of an adenovirus expressing BMP7. J. Cell Biochem. 78(3), 476–486.
Viggeswarapu, M., et al. (2001) Adenoviral delivery of LIM mineralization protein-1 induces new-bone formation in vitro and in vivo. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(3), 364–376.
Krebsbach, P. H., et al. (2000) Gene therapy-directed osteogenesis:BMP-7-transduced human fibroblasts form bone in vivo. Hum. Gene Ther. 11(8), 1201–1210.
Gugala, Z., et al. (2003) Osteoinduction by ex vivo adenovirus-mediated BMP2 delivery is independent of cell type. Gene Ther. 10(16), 1289–1296.
Tsuda, H., et al. (2003) Efficient BMP2 gene transfer and bone formation of mesenchymal stem cells by a fiber-mutant adenoviral vector. Mol. Ther. 7(3), 354–365.
Olmsted-Davis, E. A., et al. (2002) Use of a chimeric adenovirus vector enhances BMP2 production and bone formation. Hum. Gene Ther. 13(11), 1337–1347.
Abe, N., et al. (2002) Enhancement of bone repair with a helper-dependent adenoviral transfer of bone morphogenetic protein-2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297(3), 523–527.
Gysin, R., et al. (2002) Ex vivo gene therapy with stromal cells transduced with a retroviral vector containing the BMP4 gene completely heals critical size calvarial defect in rats. Gene Ther. 9(15), 991–999.
Chen, Y., et al. (2003) Gene therapy for new bone formation using adeno-associated viral bone morphogenetic protein-2 vectors. Gene Ther. 10(16), 1345–1353.
Luk, K. D., et al. (2003) Adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene therapy for in vivo bone formation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308(3), 636–645.
Park, J., et al. (2003) Bone regeneration in critical size defects by cell-mediated BMP-2 gene transfer:a comparison of adenoviral vectors and liposomes. Gene Ther. 10(13), 1089–1098.
Tsuchida, H., et al. (2003) Engineered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells repair femoral segmental defect in rats. J. Orthop. Res. 21(1), 44–53.
Okubo, Y., et al. (2001) In vitro and in vivo studies of a bone morphogenetic protein-2 expressing adenoviral vector. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(Suppl 1, pt 2), S99–S104.
Okubo, Y., et al. (2000) Osteoinduction by bone morphogenetic protein-2 via adenoviral vector under transient immunosuppression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267(1), 382–387.
Fang, J., et al. (1996) Stimulation of new bone formation by direct transfer of osteogenic plasmid genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93(12), 5753–5758.
Bonadio, J., et al. (1999) Localized, direct plasmid gene delivery in vivo:prolonged therapy results in reproducible tissue regeneration. Nat. Med. 5(7), 753–759.
Musgrave, D. S., et al. (1999) Adenovirus-mediated direct gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2 produces bone. Bone 24(6), 541–547.
Baltzer, A. W., et al. (1999) A gene therapy approach to accelerating bone healing. Evaluation of gene expression in a New Zealand white rabbit model. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 7(3), 197–202.
Baltzer, A. W., et al. (2000) Genetic enhancement of fracture repair:healing of an experimental segmental defect by adenoviral transfer of the BMP-2 gene. Gene Ther. 7(9), 734–739.
Sonobe, J., et al. (2004) Osteoinduction by bone morphogenetic protein-2 expressing adenoviral vector:application of biomaterial to mask the host immune response. Hum. Gene Ther. 15, 659–668.
Ito, T., et al. (2003) Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-positive immature osteoblasts as targets of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer for fracture healing. Gene Ther. 10(18), 1623–1628.
Kawai, M., et al. (2004) Ectopic bone formation by human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer to skeletal muscle using transcutaneous electroporation. Hum. Gene Ther. 14, 1547–1556.
Li, J. Z., et al. (2004) Osteogenic potential of five different recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) adenoviral vectors in the rat. Gene Ther. (in press).
Boden, S. D., et al. (1998) LMP-1, a LIM-domain protein, mediates BMP-6 effects on bone formation. Endocrinology 139(12), 5125–5134.
Minamide, A., et al. (2003) Mechanism of bone formation with gene transfer of the cDNA encoding for the intracellular protein LMP-1. J. Bone Joint Surg. 85A(6), 1030–1039.
Peng, H., et al. (2002) Synergistic enhancement of bone formation and healing by stem cell-expressed VEGF and bone morphogenetic protein-4. J. Clin. Invest. 110(6), 751–759.
Wang, J. C., et al. (2003) Effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bone marrow cells on spinal fusion in rats. J. Bone Joint Surg. 85A(5), 905–911.
Alden, T. D., et al. (1999) Percutaneous spinal fusion using bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene therapy. J. Neurosurg. 90(1 Suppl), 109–114.
Helm, G. A., et al. (2000) Use of bone morphogenetic protein-9 gene therapy to induce spinal arthrodesis in the rodent. J. Neurosurg. 92(2 Suppl), 191–196.
Chang, S. C., et al. (2003) Ex vivo gene therapy in autologous bone marrow stromal stem cells for tissue-engineered maxillofacial bone regeneration. Gene Ther. 10(24), 2013–2019.
Carmody, E. E., et al. (2002) Viral interleukin-10 gene inhibition of inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption in response to titanium particles. Arthritis Rheum. 46(5), 1298–1308.
Childs, L. M., et al. (2001) Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene therapy on wear debris-induced osteolysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A(12), 1789–1797.
Sud, S., et al. (2001) Effects of cytokine gene therapy on particulate-induced inflammation in the murine air pouch. Inflammation 25(6), 361–372.
Yang, S., et al. (2002) IL-1Ra and vIL-10 gene transfer using retroviral vectors ameliorates particle-associated inflam-mation in the murine air pouch model. Inflamm. Res. 51(7), 342–350.
Robbins, P. D., Evans, C. H., and Chernajovsky, Y. (2003) Gene therapy for arthritis. Gene Ther. 10(10), 902–911.
Gouze, E., et al. (2001) Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 3(1), 79–85.
Evans, C. H. and Robbins, P. D. (1999) Gene therapy of arthritis. Intern. Med. 38(3), 233–239.
Evans, C. H., et al. (1999) Gene therapy for rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 42(1), 1–16.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Betz, O., Vrahas, M., Baltzer, A., Lieberman, J.R., Robbins, P.D., Evans, C.H. (2005). Gene Transfer Approaches to Enhancing Bone Healing. In: Lieberman, J.R., Friedlaender, G.E. (eds) Bone Regeneration and Repair. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-863-3:157
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-863-3:157
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-847-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-863-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)