Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Characteristics in Brain Tumors

  • Chapter
Brain Tumors

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cancer Research ((CCR))

Abstract

The inner milieu of the central nervous system (CNS) is closely regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). By its unique properties, the BBB restricts the entrance of blood-borne large and hydrophilic compounds into the brain, but also tightly controls cellular entry and the supply of nutrients to the brain. In this chapter, we will address the latest advances in both the cellular and molecular biology of this specialized structure, and discuss its functional characteristics and molecular organization in glioma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Antonetti D.A., Barber A.J., Hollinger L.A., Wolpert E.B., Gardner T.W. 1999. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces rapid phosphorylation of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occluden 1. A potential mechanism for vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy and tumors. J. Biol. Chem. 274:23,463–23,467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Angelov D.N., Krebs C., Walther M., Martinez-Portillo F.J., Gunkel A., Lay C.H., et al. 1998. Altered expression of immune-related antigens by neuronophages does not improve neuronal survival after severe lesion of the facial nerve in rats. Glia 24:155–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Avgeropoulos N.G., Batchelor T.T. 1999. New treatment strategies for malignant glioma. The Oncologist 4:209–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aurrand-Lions M., Johnson-Leger C., Wong C., Du Pasquier L., Imhof B.A. 2001. Heterogeneity of endothelial junctions is reflected by differential expression and specific subcellular localization of the three JAM family members. Blood 98:3699–3707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ayalon O., Sabanai H., Lampugnani M.G., Dejana E., Geiger B. 1994. Spatial and temporal relationships between cadherins and PECAM-1 in cell-cell junctions of human endothelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 126: 247–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Baranczyk-Kuzma A., Audus K.L. 1987. Characteristics of aminopeptidase activity from bovine brain microvessel endothelium . J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 7:801–805.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bazzoni G., Martinez-Estrada O.M., Orsenigo F., Cordenonsi M., Citi S., Dejana E. 2000. Interaction of junctional adhesion molecule with the tight junction components ZO-1, cingulin, and occludin. J. Biol. Chem. 275:20,520–20,526.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bertossi M., Virgintino D., Maiorano E., Occhiogrosso M., Roncali L. 1997. Ultrastructural and morphometric investigation of human brain capillaries in normal and peritumoral tissues. Ultrastruct. Pathol. 21: 41–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Behzadian M.A., Wang X.L., Windsor L.J., Ghaly N., Caldwell R.B. 2001. TGF-beta increases retinal endothelial cell permeability by increasing MMP-9: possible role of glial cells in endothelial barrier function. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42:853–859.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Betz A.L., Goldstein G.W. 1978. Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: neutral amino acid transport into isolated brain capillaries. Science 202:225–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bradbury M.W. 1985. The blood-brain barrier. Transport across the cerebral endothelium. Circ. Res. 57:213–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brat D.J., Van Meir E.G. 2001. Glomeruloid microvascular proliferation orchestrated by VPF/VEGF: a new world of angiogenesis research. Am. J. Pathol. 158:1145–1160.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Broadwell R.D., Salcman M. 1981. Expanding the definition of the blood-brain barrier to protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:7820–7824.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brown R.C., Davis T.P. 2002. Calcium modulation of adherens and tight junction function: a potential mechanism for blood-brain barrier disruption after stroke. Stroke 33:1706–1711.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Buckley C.D., Doyonnas R., Newton J.P., Blystone S.D., Brown E.J., Watt S.M., Simmons D.L. 1996. Identification of alpha v beta 3 as a heterotypic ligand for CD31/PECAM-1. J. Cell Sci. 109: 437–445.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Butt A.M., Jones H.C., Abbott N.J. 1990. Electrical resistance across the blood-brain barrier in anaesthetized rats: a developmental study. J. Physiol. 429:47–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chaudhry I.H., O’Donovan D.G., Brenchley P.E., Reid H., Roberts I.H. 2001. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression correlates with tumor grade and vascularity in gliomas. Histopathology 39: 409–415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Citi S., Sabanay H., Kendrick J.J., Geiger B. 1989. Cingulin: characterization and localization. J. Cell Sci. 93:107–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Colombo T., Zucchetti M., D’Incalci M. 1994. Cyclosporin A markedly changes the distribution of doxorubicin in mice and rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269:22–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Corada M., Mariotti M., Thurston G., Smith K., Kunkel R., Brockhaus M., et al. 1999. Vascular endothelial-cadherin is an important determinant of microvascular integrity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9815–9820.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cordon-Cardo C., O’Brien J.P., Casals D., Rittman-Grauer L., Biedler J.L., Melamed M.R., Bertino J.R. 1989. Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood-brain barrier sites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:695–698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Criscuolo G.R., Lelkes P.I., Rotrosen D., Oldfield E.H. 1989. Cytosolic calcium changes in endothelial cells induced by a protein product of human gliomas containing vascular permeability factor activity. J. Neurosurg. 71:884–891.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dai. C., Celestino J.C., Okada Y., Louis D.N., Fuller G.N., Holland E.C. 2001. PDGF autocrine stimulation dedifferentiates cultured astrocytes and induces oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas from neural progenitors and astrocytes in vivo. Genes Dev. 15:1913–1925.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Davson H., Oldendorf W.H. 1967. Symposium on membrane transport. Transport in the central nervous system. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:326–329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dean R.L., Emerich D.F., Hasler B.P., Bartus R.T. 1999. Cereport (RMP-7) increases carboplatin levels in brain tumors after pretreatment with dexamethasone. Neuro-oncol. 1:268–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dejana E., Corada M., Lampugnani M.G. 1995. Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. FASEB J. 9:910–918.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Del Sole A., Falini A., Ravasi L., Ottobrini D., De Marchis D., Bombardieri E., Lucignani G. 2001. Anatomical and biochemical investigation of primary brain tumours. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 28: 1851–1872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dempsey E.W., Wislocki G.B. 1955. An electron microscopic study of the blood-brain barrier in the rat, employing silver nitrate as a vital stain. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1:245–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Denker B.M., Saha C., Khawaja S., Nigam S.K. 1996. Involvement of a heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit in tight junction biogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 271:25,750–25,753.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. De Vries H.E., Kuiper J., de Boer A.G., van Berkel T.J.C., Breimer D.D. 1997. The blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammatory diseases (review). Pharm. Reviews 49:143–155.

    Google Scholar 

  31. De Vries H.E., Blom-Roosemalen M.C., van Oosten M., de Boer A.G., van Berkel T.J.C., Breimer D.D., Kuiper J. 1996. The influence of cytokines on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vitro. J. Neuroimmunol. 64:37–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Doolittle N.D., Miner M.E., Hall W.A., Siegal T., Jerome E., Osztie E., et al. 2000. Safety and efficacy of a multicenter study using intraarterial chemotherapy in conjunction with osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors. Cancer 88:637–647.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Drion N., Lemaire M., Lefauconnier J.M., Scherrmann J.M. 1996. Role of P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain transport of colchicine and vinblastine. J. Neurochem. 67:1688–1693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Dunn I.F., Heese O., Black P.M. 2000. Growth factors in glioma angiogenesis: FGFs, PDGF, EGF, and TGFs. J. Neurooncol. 50:121–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ehrlich P. 1885. Das Suaerstoffbeduerfnis des Organismus: eine farbenanalystische studie. Hirschwald, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Esiri M.M. 1990. Immunological and neuropathological significance of the Virchow-Robin space. J. Neurol. Sci. 100:3–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Esser S., Lampugnani M.G., Corada M., Dejana E., Risau W. 1998. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation in endothelial cells. J. Cell Sci. 111:1853–1865.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fabel K., Dietrich J., Hau P., Wismeth C., Winner B., Przywara S., et al. 2001. Long-term stabilization in patients with malignant glioma after treatment with liposomal doxorubicin. Cancer 92:1936–1942.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fanning A.S., Jameson B.J., Jesaitis L.A., Anderson J.M. 1998. The tight junction protein ZO-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 29,745–29,753.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Floris S., Ruuls S.R., Wierinckx A., van der Pol S.M.A., Dopp E., van der Meide P.H., et al. 2002. Interferon-beta directly influences monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol. 127:69–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fuller G.N., Hess K.R., Rhee C.H., Yung W.K., Sawaya R.A., Bruner J.M., Zhang W. 2002. Molecular classification of human diffuse gliomas by multidimensional scaling analysis of gene expression profiles parallels morphology-based classification, correlates with survival, and reveals clinically-relevant novel glioma subsets. Brain Pathol. 12:108–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Furuse M., Fujita K., Hiiragi T., Fujimoto K., Tsukita S. 1998. Claudin-1 and-2: novel integral membrane proteins localizing at tight junctions with no sequence similarity to occludin. J. Cell Biol. 141: 1539–1550.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Furuse M., Hirase T., Itoh M., Nagafuchi A., Yonemura S., Tsukita S. 1993. Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions. J. Cell Biol. 123:1777–1788.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gloor S.M., Wachtel M., Bolliger M.F., Ishihara H., Landmann R., Frei K. 2001. Molecular and cellular permeability control at the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. Rev. 36:258–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Goldmann E.E. 1909. Die aussere and innere Sekretion des gesundes und kranken Organismus im Lichte der vitalen Farbung. Beitr. Klin. Chir. 64:192–265.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Goldstein G.W. 1988. Endothelial cell-astrocyte interactions. A cellular model of the blood-brain barrier. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 529:31–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gow A., Southwood C.M., Li J.S., Pariali M., Riordan G.P., Brodie S.E., et al. 1999. CNS myelin and sertoli cell tight junction strands are absent in Osp/claudin-11 null mice. Cell 99:649–659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Graeber M.B., Streit W.J., Kreutzberg G.W. 1989. Identity of ED2-positive perivascular cells in rat brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 22:103–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Graesser D., Solowiej A., Bruckner M., Osterweil E., Juedes A., Davis S., et al. 2002. Altered vascular permeability and early onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PECAM-1-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest. 109:383–392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gross P.M. 1992. Circumventricular organ capillaries. Prog. Brain Res. 91:219–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gumbiner B., Lowenkopf T., Apatira D. 1991. Identification of a 160-kDa polypeptide that binds to the tight junction protein ZO-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3460–3464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Guo D., Jia Q., Song H.Y., Warren R.S., Donner D.B. 1995. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of mediators of signal transduction that contain SH2 domains. Association with endothelial cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:6729–6733.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hall A. 1999. RhoGTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science 279:509–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hardebo J.E., Kahrstrom J. 1985. Endothelial negative surface charge areas and blood-brain barrier function. Acta Physiol. Scand. 125:495–499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Haskins J., Gu L., Wittchen E.S., Hibbard J., Stevenson B.R. 1998. ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin. J. Cell Biol. 141: 199–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hickey W.F., Kimura H. 1988. Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo. Science 239:290–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hirano H., Lopes M.B., Laws E.R. Jr, Asakura T., Goto M., Carpenter J.E., et al. 1999. Insulin-like growth factor-1 content and pattern of expression correlates with histopathologic grade in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas. Neurooncol. 1:109–119.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hirase T., Staddon J.M., Saitou M., Ando A.Y., Itoh M., Furuse M., et al. 1997. Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. J. Cell Sci. 110:1603–1613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hirase T., Kawashima S., Wong E.Y., Ueyama T., Rikitake Y., Tsukita S., et al. 2001. Regulation of tight junction permeability and occludin phosphorylation by Rhoa-p160ROCK-dependent and-independent mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 276:10,423–10,431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Huber J.D., Egleton R.D., Davis T.P. 2001. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier. Trends Neurosci. 24:719–725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Huwyler J., Wu D., Pardridge W.M. 1996. Brain drug delivery of small molecules using immunoliposomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:14,164–14,169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Jucker M., Tian M., Ingram D.K. 1996. Laminins in the adult and aged brain. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 28:209–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kalaria R.N., Harik S.I. 1987. Differential postnatal development of monoamine oxidases A and B in the blood-brain barrier of the rat. J. Neurochem. 49:1589–1594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kjellman C., Olofsson S.P., Hansson O., Von Schantz T., Lindvall M., Nilsson I., et al. 2000. Expression of TGF-beta isoforms, TGF-beta receptors, and SMAD molecules at different stages of human glioma. Int. J. Cancer 89:251–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Kida S., Steart P.V., Zhang E.T., Weller R.O. 1993. Perivascular cells act as scavengers in the cerebral perivascular spaces and remain distinct from pericytes, microglia and macrophages. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 85:646–652.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Klopman G., Shi L.M., Ramu A. 1997. Quantitative structure-activity relationship of multidrug resistance reversal agents. Mol. Pharmacol. 52:323–333.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kleihues P., Louis D.N., Scheithauer B.W., Rorke L.B., Reifenberger G., Burger P.C, et al. 2002. The WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 61:215–225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Kniesel U., Wolburg H. 2000. Tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 20:57–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lampugnani M.G., Dejana E. 1997. Interendothelial junctions: structure, signaling and functional roles. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:674–682.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Lassmann H., Zimprich F., Vass K., Hickey W.F. 1991. Microglial cells are a component of the perivascular glia limitans. J. Neurosci. Res. 28:236–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Legget D.A.C., Miles K.A., Kelley B.B. 1999. Blood-brain barrier and blood-volume imaging of cerebral glioma using functional CT: a pictorial view. Eur. J. Radiol. 30:185–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Li J.Y., Boado R.J., Pardridge W.M. 2001. Blood-brain barrier genomics. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 21:61–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Liebner S., Fischmann A., Rascher G., Duffner F., Grote E.H., Kalbacher H., et al. 2000. Claudin-1 and claudin-5 expression and tight junction morphology are altered in blood vessels of human glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol. 100:323–331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ljubimova J.Y., Lakhter A.J., Loksh A., Yong W.H., Riedinger M.S., Miner J.H., et al. 2001. Overexpression of alpha4 chain-containing laminins in human glial tumors identified by gene microarray analysis. Cancer Res. 61:5601–5610.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Machein M.R., Kullmer J., Fiebich B.L., Plate K.H., Warnke P.C. 1999. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, vascular volume, and, capillary permeability in human brain tumors. Neurosurgery 44: 732–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Martìn-Padura I., Lostaglio S., Schneemann M., Williams L., Romano M., Fruscella P., et al. 1998. Junctional adhesion molecule, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration. J. Cell Biol. 142:117–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Mato M., Ookawara S., Saito-Taki T. 1996. Serological determinants of fluorescent granular perithelial cells along small cerebral blood vessels in rodent. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 72:117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Mitic L.L., Anderson J.M. 1998. Molecular architecture of the tight junction. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60:121–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Miyagami M., Tazoe M.,. Nakamura S. 1998. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and p53 protein in association with neovascularization in human malignant gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol. 15:95–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Miyagi N., Kato S., Terasaki M., Shigemori M., Morimatsu M. 1998. Fibroblast growth factor-2 and-9 regulate proliferation and production of matrix metalloproteinases in human gliomas. Int. J. Oncol. 12: 1085–1090.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Monaghan M., Mulligan K.A., Gillespie H., Trimble A., Winter P., Johnston P.G., et al. 2000. Epidermal growth factor up-regulates CD44-dependent astrocytmoa invasion in vitro. J. Pathol. 192:519–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Morita K., Furuse M., Fujimoto K., Tsukita S. 1999a. Claudin multigene family encoding four-transmembrane domain protein components of tight junction strands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:511–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Morita K., Sasaki H., Furuse M., Tsukita S. 1999b. Endothelial claudin: claudin-5/TMVCF constitutes tight junction strands in endothelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 147:185–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Muleris M., Almeida A., Dutrillaux A.M., Pruchon E., Vega F., Delattre J.Y., et al. 1994. Oncogene amplification in human gliomas: a molecular cytogenetic analysis. Oncogene 9:2717–2722.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Muller W.A., Berman M.E., Newman P.J., DeLisser H.M., Albelda S.M. 1992. A heterophilic adhesion mechanism for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31). J. Exp. Med. 175:1401–1404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Nasdala I., Wolburg-Buchholz K., Wolburg H., Kuhn A., Ebnet K., Brachtendorf G., et al. 2002. A transmembrane tight junction protein selectively expressed on endothelial cells and platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 277:16,294–16,303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ookawara S., Mitsuhashi U., Suminaga Y., Mato M. 1996. Study on distribution of pericyte and fluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cell in the transitional region between arteriole and capillary in rat cerebral cortex. Anat Rec. 244:257–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Papadopoulos M.C., Saadoun S., Woodrow C.J., Davies D.C., Costa-Martins P., Moss R.F., et al. 2001. Occludin expression in microvessels of neoplastic and non-neoplastic human brain. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 27:384–395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Pardridge W.M. 1986. Blood-brain transport of nutrients. Fed. Proc. 45:2047–2049.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Pardridge W.M. 2002. Targeting neurotherapeutic agents through the blood-brain barrier. Arch. Neurol. 59:35–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Planchenault T., Costa S., Fages C., Riche D., Charriere-Bertrand C., Perzelova A., et al. 2001. Differential expression of laminin and fibronectin and of their related metalloproteinases in human glioma cell lines: relation to invasion. Neurosci Lett 299:140–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Platten M., Wick W., Weller M. 2001. Malignant glioma biology: role for TGF-beta in growth, motility, angiogenesis, and immune escape. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:401–410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Polfliet M.M.,. Zwijnenburg P.J., van Furth A.M., van der Poll T., Dopp E.A., Renardel de Lavalette C., et al. 2001. Meningeal and perivascular macrophages of the central nervous system play a protective role during bacterial meningitis. J. Immunol. 167:4644–4650.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Polfliet M.M., van de Veerdonk F., Dopp E.A., van Kesteren-Hendrikx E.M., van Rooijen N., et al. 2002. The role of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis J. Neuroimmunol. 122:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Prat A., Biernacki K., Wosik K., Antel J.P. 2001. Glial cell influence on the human blood-brain barrier. Glia 36:145–155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Quagliarello V.J., Wispelwey B., Long W.J., Scheld W.M. 1991. Recombinant human interleukin-1 induces meningitis and blood-brain barrier injury in the rat. Characterization and comparison with tumor necrosis factor. J. Clin. Invest. 87:1360–1366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Radford I.R. 2002. Imatinib. Novartis. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 3:492–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Raithatha S.A., Muzik H., Rewcastle N.B., Johnston R.N., Edwards D.R., Forsyth P.A. 2000. Localization of gelatinase-A and gelatinase-B mRNA and protein in human gliomas. Neurooncol. 2:145–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Raub T.J. 1996. Signal transduction and glial cell modulation of cultured brain microvessel endothelial cell tight junctions. Am. J. Physiol. 271:C495–C503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Robinson P.J., Rapoport S.I. 1986. Kinetics of protein binding determine rates of uptake of drugs by brain. Am. J. Physiol. 251:R1212–1220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Reese T.S., Feder N., Brightman M.W. 1971. Electron microscopic study of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers with microperoxidase. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 30:137–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Reese T.S., Karnovsky M.J. 1967. Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. J. Cell Biol. 34:207–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Roopraai H.K.,. Van Meter T., Rucklidge G.J., Hudson L., Everal L.P., Pilkington G.J. 1998. Comparative analysis of matrix metalloproteinases by immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and zymography in human primary brain tumours. Int J Oncol. 13:1153–1157.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Rousselle C., Clair P., Lefauconnier J.M., Kaczorek M., Scherrmann J.M., Temsamani J. 2000. New advances in the transport of doxorubicin through the blood-brain barrier by a peptide vector-mediated strategy. Mol. Pharmacol. 57:679–686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Rubin L.L. 1992. Endothelial cells: adhesion and tight junctions. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4: 830–833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Saha C., Nigam S.K., Denker B.M. 1998. Involvement of Galphai2 in the maintenance and biogenesis of epithelial cell tight junctions. J. Biol. Chem. 273:21,629–21,633.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Saitou M, Furuse M., Sasaki H., Schulzke J.D., Fromm M., Takano H., et al. 2000. Complex phenotype of mice lacking occludin, a component of tight junction strands. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:4131–4142.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Sawada T., Kato Y., Kobayashi M., Takekekawa Y. 2000. Immunohistochemical study of tight junction-related protein in neovasculature in astrocytic tumor. Brain Tumor Pathol. 17:1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Schenkel A.R., Mamdouh Z., Chen X., Liebman R.M., Muller W.A. 2002. CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions. Nat. Immunol. 3:143–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Schinkel A.H., Wagenaar E., van Deemter L., Mol C.A., Borst P. 1995. Absence of the mdr1a P-Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A. J. Clin. Invest 96:1698–1705.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Schinkel A.H., Mol C.A., Wagenaar E., van Deemter L., Smit J.J., Borst P. 1995b. Multidrug resistance and the role of P-glycoprotein knockout mice. Eur. J. Cancer 31A:1295–1298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Schulze C., Firth J.A. 1993. Immunohistochemical localization of adherens junction components in blood-brain barrier microvessels of the rat. J. Cell Sci. 104:773–782.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Shusta E.V.,. Boado R.J., Mathern G.W., Pardridge W.M. 2002. Vascular genomics of the human brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22:245–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Simionescu M., Simionescu N. 1986. Functions of the endothelial cell surface. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 48:279–293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Sixt M., Engelhardt B., Pausch F., Hallmann R., Wendler O., Sorokin L.M. 2001. Endothelial cell laminin isoforms, laminins 8 and 10, play decisive roles in T cell recruitment across the blood-brain barrier in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Cell Biol. 153:933–946.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Sobel R.A. 1998. The extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57:205–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Sobel R.A. 2001. The extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis: an update. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 34:603–609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Staddon J.M., Rubin L.L. 1996. Cell adhesion, cell junctions and the blood-brain barrier. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:622–627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Staddon J.M., Herrenknecht K., Smales C., Rubin L.L. 1995. Evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation may increase tight junction permeability. J. Cell Sci. 108:609–619.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Stevenson B.R., Keon B.H. 1998. The tight junction: morphology to molecules. Ann. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 14:89–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Stewart P.A., Wiley M.J. 1981. Developing nervous tissue induces formation of blood-brain barrier characteristics in invading endothelial cells: a study using quail—chick transplantation chimeras. Dev. Biol. 84:183–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Sun Q.H., DeLisser H.M., Zukowski M.M., Paddock C., Albelda S.M., Newman P.J. 1996. Individually distinct Ig homology domains in PECAM-1 regulate homophilic binding and modulate receptor affinity. J. Biol. Chem. 271:11,090–11,098.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Thomas K.A. 1996. Vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent and selective angiogenic agent. J. Biol. Chem. 271:603–606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Tian M., Hagg T., Denisova N., Knusel B., Engvall E., Jucker M. 1997. Laminin-alpha2 chain-like antigens in CNS dendritic spines. Brain Res. 764:28–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Tian Y.C., Phillips A.O. 2002. Interaction between the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor/Smad pathway and beta-catenin during transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated adherens junction disassembly. Am. J. Pathol. 160:1619–1628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tsukita S., Furuse M. 1999. Occludin and claudins in tight-junction strands: leading or supporting players? Trends Cell Biol. 9:268–273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Van der Valk P., Lindeman J., Kamphorst W. 1997. Growth factor profiles of human gliomas. Do non-tumour cells contribute to tumour growth in glioma? Ann.Oncol. 8:1023–1029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Van der Goes A., Wouters D., van der Pol S.M.A., Huizinga R., Ronken E., Adamson P., et al. 2001. Reactive oxygen species enhance the migration of monocytes across the blood-brain barrier in vitro. FASEB J. 15:1852–1854.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Van der Sanden B.P., Rozijn T.H., Rijken P.F., Peters H.P., Heerschap A., van der Kogel A.J., Bovee W.M. 2000. Noninvasive assessment of the functional neovasculature in 9L-glioma growing in rat brain by dynamic 1H magnetic resonance imaging of gadolinium uptake. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 20:861–870.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Wang W.,. Dentler W.L., Borchardt R.T. 2001. VEGF increases BMEC monolayer permeability by affecting occludin expression and tight junction assembly. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280:434–440.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Wick W., Grimmel C., Wild-Bode C., Platten M., Arpin M., Weller M. 2001. Ezrin-dependent promotion of glioma cell clonogenicity, motility, and invasion mediated by BCL-2 and transforming growth factor-beta2. J. Neurosci. 21:3360–3368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Wild-Bode C., Weller M., Wick W. 2001. Molecular determinants of glioma cell migration and invasion. J. Neurosurg. 94:978–984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wolburg H., Neuhaus J., Kniesel U., Krauss B., Schmid E.M, Ocalan M., et al. 1994. Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Effects of tissue culture, second messengers and cocultured astrocytes. J. Cell Sci. 107:1347–1357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Yao Y.,. Kubota T., Sato K., Kitai R., Takeuchi H., Arishima H. 2001. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1 in astrocytic tumours. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 143:159–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Yong V.W.,. Krekoski C.A., Forsyth P.A., Bell R., Edwards D.R. 1998. Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 21:75–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Yoshida D., Noha M., Watanabe K., Sugisaki Y., Teramoto A. 2002. SI-27, a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases with antiangiogenic activity: detection with a variable-pressure scanning electron microscope. Neurosurgery 50:578–586.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Zhong Y., Saitoh T., Minase T., Sawada N., Enomoto K., Mori M. 1993. Monoclonal antibody 7H6 reacts with a novel tight junction-associated protein distinct from ZO-1, cingulin and ZO-2. J. Cell Biol. 120:477–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam

    Helga E. de Vries, Lisette Montagne, Christine D. Dijkstra & Paul van der Valk

  2. Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam

    Helga E. de Vries, Lisette Montagne, Christine D. Dijkstra & Paul van der Valk

Authors
  1. Helga E. de Vries
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lisette Montagne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christine D. Dijkstra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paul van der Valk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

    Francis Ali-Osman DSc

  2. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

    Francis Ali-Osman DSc

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Vries, H.E., Montagne, L., Dijkstra, C.D., van der Valk, P. (2005). Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Characteristics in Brain Tumors. In: Ali-Osman, F. (eds) Brain Tumors. Contemporary Cancer Research. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-843-9:157

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation