Abstract
The school district of Philadelphia is on the list of systems in Pennsylvania that are “in need of improvement.” Only 20 percent of the city’s fifth-graders met the state’s reading standards in 2002. So when Paul Vallas took the reins of the long-struggling district in the summer of 2002, he pledged to dramatically raise student performance and do everything he could to meet the goals of a new federal law that President George W Bush had signed only months before, called No Child Left Behind (NCLB).
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Notes
National Center for Education Statistics, Results of the NAEP 2003 Trial Urban District Assessment (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 2003) and
Michael Casserly, Sharon Lewis, and Janice Ceperich, Beating the Odds: A City-by-City Analysis of Student Performance and Achievement Gaps on State Assessments, Results fom the 2002–2003 School Year (Washington, D.C.: Council of the Great City Schools, 2004).
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© 2004 Frederick M. Hess and Chester E. Finn, Jr.
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Casserly, M. (2004). Choice and Supplemental Services in America’s Great City Schools. In: Hess, F.M., Finn, C.E. (eds) Leaving No Child Behind?. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980373_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980373_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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