Abstract
Political freedom begins with military service. This plain statement could have passed unchallenged as late as a century ago. From early Greek philosophy through the Enlightenment, the notion that those who fight for the state inevitably rule it was not only politically deterministic—it was morally just. Military service in support of state and society obliged certain social rights that eventually became codified in the form of government.1 Early modernists would extend these beliefs to their maximum practical application. Liberal democracy they insisted, with its principled goal of the complete dispersion of social rights, was possible only with universal military service.
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Notes
David Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University Press, 1965), 450. My emphasis.
See Brian Downing’s, Military Revolution and Political Change (Princeton: University Press, 1992), 238–40.
David Singer and Melvin Small, “The War Proneness of Democratic Regimes,” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 1 (1976)
Michael Doyle, “Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs, parts 1 and 2,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 (1983), 206–35 and 323–53.
See John Owen, “How Liberalism Produces Peace,” International Security 19 (1994), 87–125.
An excellent overview is Bruce Russet, Grasping the Democratic Peace (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
William Thompson, “Democracy and Peace: Putting the Cart Before the Horse,” International Organization 50 (January 1996), 141–74.
John Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War,” International Security 15 (Summer 1990), 5–56.
Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett, “Normative and Structural Causes of the Democratic Peace, 1946–86,” American Political Science Review 87 (September 1993), 624–38.
Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 9–10 and 258–59.
Classics include Seymour Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959), 69–105
Classics include Seymour Lipset, Political Man (New York: Doubleday, 1960)
Dankwart Rustow, “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model,” Comparative Politics 2 (Summer 1970), 337–64
and Robert Dahl, Polyarchy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971)
Robert Dahl, A Preface to Economic Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985).
Otto Hintze, The Historical Essays, translated by Felix Gilbert (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 181.
Charles Tilly, “Reflections on the History of European State-Making,” in Charles Tilly (ed.), Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), 42.
See Michael Howard, War in European History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), 94–96.
Stanislas Andreski, Military Organization and Society (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954), 68–70.
Jean-Paul Bertaud, The Army of the French Revolution, translated by Robert Palmer (Princeton: University Press, 1988).
Fisher Ames, “Conservative Forebodings,” in Russel Kirk (ed.), The Portable Conservative Reader (New York: Viking Penguin, 1982), 92. My emphasis.
Alfred Vagts, A History of Militarism (New York: W.W. Norton, 1937), 167.
Sue Berryman, Who Serves? (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987), 10
Dennis Segal, Recruiting for Uncle Sam (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1989), 10.
Joseph Glatthaar, Forged in Battle (New York: Free Press, 1990), 231.
Charles Moskas, “Social Considerations of the All-Volunteer Force,” Military Service in the United States. American Assembly Book (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982), 136.
Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma (New York: Harper, 1944).
Richard Dalfume, Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969), 1.
Martin Binkim and Shirley Bach, Women and the Military (Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1977), 37–38.
Colin Cameron and Judith Blackstone, Minorities in the Armed Forces (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970), 1.
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© 2004 Everett Carl Dolman
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Dolman, E.C. (2004). Military Service, Citizenship, and the International Environment. In: The Warrior State. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978264_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978264_1
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