Abstract
The previous chapter examined cultural policy at the national level, using Canadian magazines policy as an example. It examined the arguments made by the Canadian and US trade negotiators from the perspective of the market- and community-based approaches. It concluded that the approach taken by American negotiators failed to appreciate the constitutive importance of culture. However, the Canadian perspective is also ethically unsatisfactory and requires greater attention to emancipatory and participatory demands if it is to be ethically defensible.
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Notes
For a history of the limited European actions in the cultural sphere prior to 1992, see Heather Field, ‘EU Cultural Policy and the Creation of a Common European Identity’, from Selected Papers Presented at the 1998 EUSANZ Conference, ‘The EU in the Next Millennium’, Christchurch, New Zealand: 27–30 September, 1998. Available at http://www.pols.canterbury.ac.nz/ECSANZ/papers/Field.htm (Consulted on 19 September 2002.)
Treaty establishing the European Union (Treaty of Amsterdam), Official Journal of the European Communities (C 340, 10.11.1997), pp. 173–308, Article 3(q). Available at http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/index.html (Consulted on 18 September 2002.)
Ibid., Article 151.
‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the Committee of the Regions’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg10/culture/program-2000-partl_en.html (Consulted on 10 September 2002.)
Ibid.
Ibid.
Culture 2000 programme — Call for proposals 2001. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/eac/culture 2000_en.html (Consulted on 19 September 2002.)
Delgado Moreira, ‘Cohesion and Citizenship in EU Cultural Policy’. Quoted from Commission of the European Communities, ‘Article 10 ERDF Call for proposals, information note for the preparation of projects’. Available at http://www.inforegio.cec.eu.int/wbpro/prord/art10/cult/cult3_en. htm
European Parliament resolution on cultural cooperation in the European Union (2000/2323(INI)), 05/09/2001. Available at http://www3.europarl.eu.int (Consulted on 10 September 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Europe and Culture: Cultural Industries’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/indus_en.html (Consulted on 9 September 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Europe and Culture: Support Programmes’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/indus_progr_en.htm (Consulted on 9 September 2002.)
Council resolution of 12 February 2001 on national aid to the film and audiovisual industries, Official Journal (2001/C73/02), 6.3.2001. Available at http://www3.europarl.eu.int (Consulted on 10 September 2002.)
Council resolution of 25 July 1996 on access to culture for all, Official Journal (96/C242/01). Available at http://europa.eu.int (Consulted on 10 September 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Socrates: Gateway to Education’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/socrates/shorten.pdf (Consulted on 17 October 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Europe and Culture: the Culture Professionals’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/prof_en.htm (Consulted on 9 September 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Europe and Culture: International Law and Culture’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/reglem_3_en.htm (Consulted on 17 October 2002.)
European Community, ‘How to Apply for the Culture 2000 Programme?’ Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/eac/c2000condition_en. html (Consulted on 10 September 2002.)
European Commission, ‘Europe and Culture: International Relations’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/culture/relation_en.htm (Consulted on 9 September 2002.)
Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 1945. Available at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001255/125590e.pdf#constitution (Consulted on 23 October 2002.)
Council Resolution of 21 January 2002 on the role of culture in the development of the European Union, Official Journal, C32/2, 5 February 2002. Available at http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/reg/en_register_1640. html (Consulted on 12 September 2002.)
‘Proposal for a Parliament and Council Decision establishing a single financing and programming instrument for cultural cooperation (Culture 2000 programme)’. Available at http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg10/culture/program-2000-part2_en.html (Consulted on 9 September 2002.)
Ibid.
Anne M Cronin, ‘Consumer Rights/Cultural Rights: a New Politics of European Belonging’, European Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2002), p. 309.
See, for example, Yael Tamir, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).
Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), p. 91.
Ibid., pp. 34, 56, 92, 193.
Ibid., pp. 34, 37, 73, 173, 252.
Ibid., p. 91.
Ibid., p. 116.
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© 2003 Sarah Owen-Vandersluis
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Owen-Vandersluis, S. (2003). Prospects for Post-National Cultural Policy: the Case of the European Union. In: Ethics and Cultural Policy in a Global Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403943781_8
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