Abstract
‘Russia and Europe,’ wrote W. Bruce Lincoln, ‘have been firmly linked since the time of Peter the Great. And the point at which they have been joined – whether as friend or foe, cultural allies or intellectual antagonists – has always been St. Petersburg.’1 Peter the Great’s foundation of his new capital city on the shores of the Gulf of Finland has long been seen as symbolic of his desire to modernize his realm and make it into a truly European country. It has also long been seen as an important instrument in the move towards modernity.
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Notes
W.B. Lincoln, Sunlight at Midnight: St Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia (Oxford, 2001), p. 5.
2. R.E. Jones, ‘Why St Petersburg?’, in L. Hughes (ed.), Peter the Great and the West: New Perspectives (London, 2001), pp. 189–205.
S.S. Duncan, ‘Uneven Development and the Difference that Space Makes’, Geoforum, XX, no. 2 (1989) 131–9.
M. Ogborn, Spaces of Modernity: London’s Geographies, 1680–1780 (New York, 1998).
A. Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, II, The Nation State and Violence (London, 1985), 9.
L. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, 1998), p. 213.
J. Cracraft, The Petrine Revolution in Russian Architecture (Chicago, 1988).
21. G. Kaganov, ‘As in the Ship of Peter’, Slavic Review L, no. 4 (1991) 755–67
R. Wittram, Peter I: Czar und Kaiser (Gottingen, 1964), p. 61.
R. Redfield and M.B. Singer, ‘The Cultural Role of Cities’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, XIII (1954) 53–73.
25. N. Berdyaev, The Russian Idea (London, 1947), p. 71.
35. D.J.B. Shaw, ‘Geographical Practice and its Significance in Peter the Great’s Russia’, Journal of Historical Geography, XXII, no. 2 (1996) 160–76
V.F. Gnucheva, Geograficheskii department Akademii nauk XVIII veka (Moscow–Leningrad, 1946), p. 20.
51. W.F. Ryan, ‘Scientific Instruments in Russia from the Middle Ages to Peter the Great’, Annals of Science, XLVIII (1991) 376.
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© 2003 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Shaw, D.J.B. (2003). St Petersburg and Geographies of Modernity in Eighteenth-Century Russia. In: Cross, A. (eds) St Petersburg, 1703–1825. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403937469_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403937469_2
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